Hubálek Z, Halouzka J, Juricová Z
Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1998;45(1):67-72.
Blood-sucking arthropods, collected in South Moravia, Czech Republic, were examined by darkfield microscopy for borreliae from 1988 to 1996. Among host-seeking ixodid ticks (8481 Ixodes ricinus (L.), 372 Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.), 167 Haemaphysalis concinna Koch), borreliae were only observed in adult (23.2%), nymphal (17.2%) and larval (6.3%) I. ricinus. The prevalence of borreliae in I. ricinus did not vary considerably among habitats except for lower values in agroecosystems, xerothermic oak woods and grasslands. The frequency of intensity of spirochaetal infection (log10 counts of borreliae per tick) in I. ricinus approximated the negative binomial distribution. The proportions of host-seeking female and nymphal ticks containing > 100 borreliae were 5.0% and 1.7%, respectively. Among preimaginal ticks (749 I. ricinus, 222 D. reticulatus, 82 H. concinna) parasitizing free-living forest birds and small mammals, borreliae were detected in 6.1% of larval and 10.3% of nymphal I. ricinus, and in one larval H. concinna; 3.2% of the birds and 19.4% of the mammals carried infected ticks. Among 3464 female mosquitoes (Culicidae) of 6 species, 4.1% contained spirochaetes: 1.4% of Aedes vexans Meig., 1.3% of A. cantans (Meig.), 2.2% of A. sticticus (Meig.), 2.2% of Culex pipiens pipiens L. and 5.9% of C. p. molestus Forskal. Borreliae were also detected in 8.4% of 142 fleas (Siphonaptera, largely Ctenophthalmus agyrtes Heller and Hystrichopsylla talpae Curtis) collected from small mammals. Twelve isolates of B. burgdorferi sensu lato have been identified to genospecies: 6 strains from I. ricinus (4 Borrelia garinii Baranton et al., 1 B. afzelii Canica et al. and 1 B. lusitaniae Le Fleche et al.), 1 strain from A. vexans (B. afzelii), 2 strains from C. agyrtes (B. afzelii), and 3 strains from host rodents (B. afzelii).
1988年至1996年期间，对在捷克共和国南摩拉维亚采集的吸血节肢动物进行暗视野显微镜检查，以检测其中的疏螺旋体。在寻找宿主的硬蜱中（8481只蓖麻硬蜱（Ixodes ricinus (L.)）、372只网纹革蜱（Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.)）、167只全沟硬蜱（Haemaphysalis concinna Koch）），仅在成年（23.2%）、若虫（17.2%）和幼虫（6.3%）的蓖麻硬蜱中观察到疏螺旋体。除了在农业生态系统、干热栎树林和草原中的感染率较低外，蓖麻硬蜱中疏螺旋体的流行率在不同栖息地之间没有显著差异。蓖麻硬蜱中螺旋体感染强度的频率（每只蜱中疏螺旋体的log10计数）近似于负二项分布。寻找宿主的雌蜱和若蜱中含有>100个疏螺旋体的比例分别为5.0%和1.7%。在寄生于自由生活的森林鸟类和小型哺乳动物的未成熟蜱中（749只蓖麻硬蜱、222只网纹革蜱、82只全沟硬蜱），在6.1%的幼虫和10.3%的若虫蓖麻硬蜱中检测到疏螺旋体，在一只全沟硬蜱幼虫中也检测到疏螺旋体；3.2%的鸟类和19.4%的哺乳动物携带感染的蜱。在6种3464只雌性蚊子（蚊科）中，4.1%含有螺旋体：骚扰伊蚊（Aedes vexans Meig.）为1.4%、环跗伊蚊（A. cantans (Meig.)）为1.3%、窄翅伊蚊（A. sticticus (Meig.)）为2.2%、尖音库蚊指名亚种（Culex pipiens pipiens L.）为2.2%、尖音库蚊致倦亚种（C. p. molestus Forskal）为5.9%。在从小型哺乳动物采集的142只跳蚤（蚤目，主要是阿氏栉眼蚤（Ctenophthalmus agyrtes Heller）和鼹形栉蚤（Hystrichopsylla talpae Curtis））中，8.4%也检测到疏螺旋体。已将12株伯氏疏螺旋体狭义种鉴定到基因种：6株来自蓖麻硬蜱（4株伽氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia garinii Baranton et al.）、1株阿氏疏螺旋体（B. afzelii Canica et al.）和1株葡萄牙疏螺旋体（B. lusitaniae Le Fleche et al.））、1株来自骚扰伊蚊（阿氏疏螺旋体）、2株来自阿氏栉眼蚤（阿氏疏螺旋体），以及3株来自宿主啮齿动物（阿氏疏螺旋体）。
