McCaul K D, O'Donnell S M
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105-5057, USA.
Womens Health. 1998 Spring;4(1):93-101.
We examined the beliefs women have about their risk of breast cancer. Participants were 86 women, ages 18 to 90, with and without a family history of breast cancer. They were interviewed individually about their risk and their beliefs about risk factors for breast cancer. The results showed that participants form their risk estimates primarily from the absence or presence of a family history of breast cancer. When asked to compare their risk with the risk of others, only participants without a family history viewed their chances of getting breast cancer as lower than the chances of others. On an absolute risk measure, all participants overestimated their risk. Different risk measures can lead to different conclusions about how women perceive their risk. In addition, the nearly exclusive focus of women on family history may create difficulties for genetic counselors providing information about breast cancer risk.
我们研究了女性对自身患乳腺癌风险的看法。研究对象为86名年龄在18岁至90岁之间的女性，她们中有乳腺癌家族史的，也有无乳腺癌家族史的。我们分别就她们的患病风险以及她们对乳腺癌风险因素的看法进行了访谈。结果显示，参与者主要根据是否有乳腺癌家族史来形成她们对患病风险的估计。当被要求将自己的风险与他人的风险进行比较时，只有没有家族史的参与者认为自己患乳腺癌的几率低于其他人。从绝对风险衡量标准来看，所有参与者都高估了自己的风险。不同的风险衡量标准可能会导致关于女性如何看待自身风险的不同结论。此外，女性几乎只关注家族史，这可能会给提供乳腺癌风险信息的遗传咨询师带来困难。
