Linke R, Matschke R G
HNO-Klinik, Klinikum Schwerin.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1998 Jan;77(1):48-51. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996930.
The etiology of sudden hearing loss is not yet known. The most common mechanism of sudden hearing loss would appear to be impaired cochlear blood circulation. Tobacco smoking causes changes in hemostasis and raises the body's need for oxygen because of carbon monoxide, one component of the smoke which blocks a part of the hemoglobin.
297 patients (76 smokers, 99 former smokers, and 122 non smokers) who were treated because of sudden hearing loss in the hospital in the last 5 years were queried about their smoking habits. We asked the patients to complete a questionnaire in order to get more reliable answers. We explored the kind of tobacco, the number of cigarettes or cigars per day, the age at onset of smoking, the number and rate of recurrence of sudden hearing loss, the result of the treatment of a former sudden hearing loss (if there was one), the characteristics of tinnitus, the possibility of stopping smoking, and the significance of tobacco smoking as reflected in health policy.
Tobacco smoking does not increase the overall risk of sudden hearing loss. The incidence of smokers in the population of the region and the incidence of smokers among patients with sudden hearing loss is equal. But the average age of the smoking patients is significantly lower than the average age of non smokers and former smokers. Smokers have a higher rate of recurrence of a sudden hearing loss. The result of treatment of former sudden hearing loss is worse in smoking patients.
There is no obvious relation between the risk of sudden hearing loss and tobacco smoking.
突发性听力损失的病因尚不清楚。突发性听力损失最常见的机制似乎是耳蜗血液循环受损。吸烟会导致止血功能改变，并因烟雾中的一氧化碳（烟雾的一种成分，会阻断部分血红蛋白）而增加身体对氧气的需求。
对过去5年内在该医院因突发性听力损失接受治疗的297名患者（76名吸烟者、99名既往吸烟者和122名非吸烟者）询问其吸烟习惯。我们要求患者填写一份问卷，以便获得更可靠的答案。我们探究了烟草种类、每天吸烟或抽雪茄的数量、开始吸烟的年龄、突发性听力损失的复发次数和复发率、既往突发性听力损失的治疗结果（如果有过）、耳鸣的特征、戒烟的可能性以及吸烟在卫生政策方面所反映的意义。
吸烟并不会增加突发性听力损失的总体风险。该地区人群中的吸烟者发病率与突发性听力损失患者中的吸烟者发病率相当。但是吸烟患者的平均年龄明显低于非吸烟者和既往吸烟者的平均年龄。吸烟者突发性听力损失的复发率更高。吸烟患者既往突发性听力损失的治疗结果更差。
突发性听力损失风险与吸烟之间没有明显关联。
