Andersen R E, Crespo C J, Bartlett S J, Cheskin L J, Pratt M
Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
JAMA. 1998 Mar 25;279(12):938-42. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.12.938.
Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well established.
To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children.
Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination.
Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups.
Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched, and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness.
Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of vigorous activity each week. This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity perweek, and the rate was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%). Overall, 26% of US children watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours per day. Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or more hours of television per day (42%). Boys and girls who watch 4 or more hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001) and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than those who watched less than 2 hours per day.
Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity.
缺乏体育活动会导致成年人体重增加，但不同种族儿童之间的这种关系尚未明确确立。
评估美国儿童参与剧烈活动和看电视习惯及其与体重和肥胖的关系。
具有全国代表性的横断面调查，采用面对面访谈和医学检查。
1988年至1994年期间，4063名8至16岁的儿童作为第三次全国健康和营养检查调查的一部分接受了检查。墨西哥裔美国人和非西班牙裔黑人被过度抽样，以便对这些群体进行可靠的估计。
每周剧烈活动的次数、每天看电视的时长，以及它们与体重指数和身体脂肪的关系。
80%的美国儿童报告每周进行3次或更多次剧烈活动。非西班牙裔黑人女孩和墨西哥裔美国女孩的这一比例较低（分别为69%和73%）。20%的美国儿童每周参与2次或更少次剧烈活动，女孩的这一比例（26%）高于男孩（17%）。总体而言，26%的美国儿童每天看电视4小时或更长时间，67%的儿童每天至少看2小时电视。非西班牙裔黑人儿童每天看电视4小时或更长时间的比例最高（42%）。每天看电视4小时或更长时间的男孩和女孩比每天看电视少于2小时的儿童有更多的体脂（P<0.001）和更高的体重指数（P<0.001）。
许多美国儿童看电视时间很长，且剧烈活动不足。女孩、非西班牙裔黑人和墨西哥裔美国人的剧烈活动水平最低。需要采取干预策略来促进美国儿童终身体育活动，以阻止缺乏活动对健康造成的不良后果。
