Preuss H G, Jarrell S T, Scheckenbach R, Lieberman S, Anderson R A
Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Apr;17(2):116-23. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718736.
Effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ingesting three agents reported to influence insulin metabolism, i.e., chromium polynicotinate, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (BMOV), and the herb, Gymnema sylvestre, were assessed simultaneously in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
In the first study, SHR were fed either a starch, sugar, or sugar diet containing chromium polynicotinate, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (BMOV), or G. sylvestre. Tail SBP was estimated indirectly and various blood chemistries were measured. TBARS formation was determined in hepatic and renal tissue. In a second study, tail SBP was measured in SHR ingesting diets containing different concentrations of BMOV.
Compared to starch, SHR consuming sucrose showed a significant elevation of SBP within days that was maintained for the duration of study. Addition of chromium polynicotinate to the sucrose diet at the beginning of study prevented the sucrose-induced elevation of SBP for 2 weeks, but SBP rose significantly after that. BMOV at high concentrations overcame the sucrose-induced rise in SBP and even decreased SBP below values seen in SHR eating the starch diet, but marked weight loss was noted. A second study examined different concentrations of BMOV. At 0.01% w/w concentration of BMOV, SBP was still significantly decreased, even though SHR did not lose body weight (BW) early on. SHR consuming G. sylvestre showed no change or even elevated SBP. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) formation, an estimate of lipid peroxidation, was decreased by chromium polynicotinate and BMOV, and renal TBARS by chromium polynicotinate. Circulating cholesterol concentrations were decreased in the SHR consuming G. sylvestre.
Chromium decreases the portion of SBP elevated by high sucrose intake as shown previously, but high levels of sucrose ingestion can eventually overcome this. BMOV overcame sucrose-induced elevation of SBP as well as some of the "genetic hypertension." Different from chromium, this decrease was not overcome by high levels of dietary sucrose. The significant lowering of cholesterol with G. sylvestre ingestion indicates some effect on metabolism, but G. sylvestre did not lower and even raised SBP.
在自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）中同时评估摄入三种据报道会影响胰岛素代谢的物质，即聚烟酸铬、双（麦芽醇）氧钒（BMOV）和匙羹藤，对收缩压（SBP）的影响。
在第一项研究中，给SHR喂食含有聚烟酸铬、双（麦芽醇）氧钒（BMOV）或匙羹藤的淀粉、蔗糖或糖饮食。间接估计尾动脉收缩压，并测量各种血液化学成分。测定肝和肾组织中的硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）形成。在第二项研究中，测量摄入不同浓度BMOV饮食的SHR的尾动脉收缩压。
与淀粉相比，食用蔗糖的SHR在数天内收缩压显著升高，并在研究期间持续保持。在研究开始时向蔗糖饮食中添加聚烟酸铬可在2周内防止蔗糖诱导的收缩压升高，但之后收缩压显著上升。高浓度的BMOV克服了蔗糖诱导的收缩压升高，甚至使收缩压降至食用淀粉饮食的SHR的收缩压以下，但出现了明显的体重减轻。第二项研究考察了不同浓度的BMOV。在BMOV浓度为0.01%（w/w）时，收缩压仍显著降低，尽管SHR早期体重未减轻。食用匙羹藤的SHR收缩压无变化甚至升高。聚烟酸铬和BMOV可降低肝硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）的形成，这是脂质过氧化的一个指标，聚烟酸铬还可降低肾TBARS的形成。食用匙羹藤的SHR循环胆固醇浓度降低。
如先前所示，铬可降低高蔗糖摄入导致的收缩压升高部分，但高蔗糖摄入最终可克服这一作用。BMOV克服了蔗糖诱导的收缩压升高以及部分“遗传性高血压”。与铬不同，这种降低不会被高糖饮食克服。食用匙羹藤显著降低胆固醇表明其对代谢有一定影响，但匙羹藤并未降低收缩压，甚至使其升高。
