Le Bon O, Staner L, Tecco J, Pull C, Pelc I
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire Brugmann, Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Belgique.
Encephale. 1998 Jan-Feb;24(1):40-5.
Among the dimensional scales that measure personality, Cloninger's TPQ (Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire) holds a place apart in the literature, because the hypotheses it relies on are partially biological. The questionnaire (100 forced binary items) includes three axes: "Novelty Seeking", "Harm Avoidance" and "Reward Dependence", each theoretically bound to a preferential neuromediator, respectively dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Each axis includes four minor subscales. The study presented here is the analysis of 104 control volunteers from both genders (59 males). This database is the first to be published with a French-speaking population. The comparison with Cloninger's normative database shows many similarities: the mean values for the 3 axes are relatively close. The population studied here is younger and this factor could play a role in the somewhat higher mean novelty seeking scores found here. The three axes show a normal distribution. Skewness and kurtosis are between -1 and +1 for all the subscales, except here for NS2. Factorial structure is quite similar to Cloninger's results. The three first axes correspond to the variables isolated in the first studies and the fourth one includes the same subscales as in the large American database. Inverse correlation between age and novelty seeking, positive correlation between female gender and harm avoidance and reward dependence were also found. However, no correlation was found between novelty seeking and male gender. A correlation was found between level of instruction and NS1 only, not with the whole NS axis. Eighty-seven % of volunteers presented with at least one standard deviation on at least one axis and 68% on at least two. This does not seem to have been described previously. It can be a sign of the difficulty of human beings to show a balanced personality. In conclusion, the database presented here shows many similarities with Cloninger's normative database. This underscores its value for comparisons in clinical trials in the future.
在衡量人格的维度量表中，克隆宁格的三维人格问卷（TPQ）在文献中独树一帜，因为它所依据的假设有部分是生物学方面的。该问卷（100个强制二分项目）包含三个维度：“新奇寻求”“伤害回避”和“奖赏依赖”，理论上每个维度分别与一种优势神经递质相关，即多巴胺、血清素和去甲肾上腺素。每个维度包含四个较小的子量表。这里呈现的研究是对104名来自不同性别的对照志愿者（59名男性）的分析。这个数据库是首个针对说法语人群发表的。与克隆宁格的标准数据库相比显示出许多相似之处：三个维度的均值相对接近。这里研究的人群更年轻，这个因素可能是导致此处发现的新奇寻求均值得分略高的一个原因。这三个维度呈正态分布。除了NS2外，所有子量表的偏度和峰度都在-1到+1之间。因子结构与克隆宁格的结果非常相似。前三个维度与最初研究中分离出的变量相对应，第四个维度包含与大型美国数据库中相同的子量表。还发现年龄与新奇寻求呈负相关，女性性别与伤害回避和奖赏依赖呈正相关。然而，未发现新奇寻求与男性性别之间存在相关性。仅发现受教育程度与NS1之间存在相关性，与整个NS维度无关。87%的志愿者在至少一个维度上有至少一个标准差的偏离，68%的志愿者在至少两个维度上有至少一个标准差的偏离。此前似乎未曾有过这样的描述。这可能表明人类展现出平衡人格存在困难。总之，这里呈现的数据库与克隆宁格的标准数据库有许多相似之处。这凸显了其在未来临床试验比较中的价值。
