Hanna G B, Shimi S M, Cuschieri A
Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Tayside, Scotland.
Ann Surg. 1998 Apr;227(4):481-4. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199804000-00005.
To investigate the influence of image display location on endoscopic task performance in endoscopic surgery.
The image display system is the only visual interface between the surgeon or interventionist and the operative field. Several factors influence the correct perceptual processing and endoscopic manipulation from images. One of these is location of the image display with respect to the surgeon and to the operative site. The present study was conducted to investigate whether endoscopic task performance improves under two conditions: when the surgeon-to-monitor visual axis is aligned with the forearm-instrument motor axis and when the image display is close to the operator's manipulation workspace.
An endoscopic task (tying an intracorporeal surgeon's knot) was performed under standardized conditions except for varying monitor locations. These altered the direction of view--in front of, to the left, and to the right of the operator's head and hands. In each of these view directions, the monitor was placed at the surgeon's eye level and lower down, at the level of the operator's hands. The outcome measures were the execution time, knot quality score and performance quality score.
Task performance was better with frontal view direction: execution time was shorter (p < 0.0001) and the performance score was higher (p < 0.005) than with side viewing, with no significant difference between right and left viewing directions. With frontal view direction, hand-level "gaze-down" viewing resulted in a shorter execution time (p < 0.01) and a higher performance score (p < 0.01) than eye-level viewing.
Task performance improves when the image display is placed in front of the operator, at a level below the head and close to the hands.
研究图像显示位置对内镜手术中内镜操作任务表现的影响。
图像显示系统是外科医生或介入医生与手术视野之间唯一的视觉界面。有几个因素会影响从图像进行正确的感知处理和内镜操作。其中之一是图像显示器相对于外科医生和手术部位的位置。本研究旨在调查在两种情况下内镜操作任务表现是否会得到改善：外科医生与显示器的视轴与前臂器械运动轴对齐时，以及图像显示器靠近操作者的操作空间时。
除了改变显示器位置外，在内镜操作任务（体内打结）在标准化条件下进行。这些改变了视野方向——在操作者头部和手部的前方、左侧和右侧。在这些视野方向中的每一个方向上，显示器都放置在外科医生的眼睛高度以及更低的位置，即操作者手部的高度。结果测量指标为执行时间、打结质量评分和操作质量评分。
正面视野方向的任务表现更好：与侧面视野相比，执行时间更短（p < 0.0001），操作评分更高（p < 0.005），左右视野方向之间无显著差异。在正面视野方向下，手部高度的“向下注视”视野比眼睛高度的视野执行时间更短（p < 0.01），操作评分更高（p < 0.01）。
当图像显示器放置在操作者前方、头部下方且靠近手部的位置时，任务表现会得到改善。
