Michelant Lisa, Selmaoui Brahim
Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I-01, INERIS/UPJV, INERIS, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2025 Jul;46(5):e70014. doi: 10.1002/bem.70014.
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure is increasingly prevalent, raising concerns about potential non-thermal health effects. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence regarding RF exposure effects on cardiac activity, focusing on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Studies on healthy individuals were selected based on strict methodological criteria, including experimental design, control for confounding variables, and sufficient details on exposure parameters. Articles were included if they compared healthy subjects with and without exposure and provided cardiac measurements, specific absorption rate, or exposure measurement. A total of 28 articles were analyzed. This review included studies with RF exposure ranging from 100 to 110,000 MHz and exposure durations varying from short periods to 7 nights, with most studies lasting between 5 and 50 min. Most studies demonstrated no significant effects of RF exposure on HR, regardless of the exposure system, frequency, duration, age, sex, distance, or subject position. Findings for HRV were more nuanced, with most studies indicating no significant impact on key HRV parameters. However, some position-dependent variations emerged, particularly in antenna-based studies. Additionally, our analysis suggests that RF exposure may particularly interfere with cardiac regulatory mechanisms when the cardiovascular system is challenged and required to adapt, such as during postural changes or physiological maneuvers, although there are insufficient comparable studies to validate this hypothesis. Importantly, all included studies were conducted under resting or non-stressful conditions and involved only healthy participants. Therefore, our conclusions cannot be generalized to stressed states or clinical populations. Moreover, methodological harmonization is needed to improve comparability across future studies. The main limitation of the current evidence being the heterogeneity of experimental protocols, highlighting the need for methodological standardization in future studies. To address current heterogeneity, we propose specific methodological recommendations, including systematic blinding, accurate exposure measurement and detailed exposure, to improve comparability and reproducibility in future studies. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00-00, 2025. © 2025 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
射频电磁场（RF - EMF）暴露日益普遍，引发了人们对潜在非热健康影响的担忧。本系统综述综合了有关射频暴露对心脏活动影响的现有证据，重点关注心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）。基于严格的方法学标准选择了关于健康个体的研究，包括实验设计、混杂变量控制以及暴露参数的充分细节。如果文章比较了有暴露和无暴露的健康受试者，并提供了心脏测量、比吸收率或暴露测量数据，则纳入该文章。共分析了28篇文章。本综述纳入的研究中，射频暴露范围为100至110,000 MHz，暴露持续时间从短时间到7晚不等，大多数研究持续5至50分钟。无论暴露系统、频率、持续时间、年龄、性别、距离或受试者位置如何，大多数研究表明射频暴露对心率无显著影响。心率变异性的研究结果更为细微，大多数研究表明对关键心率变异性参数无显著影响。然而，出现了一些与位置相关的变化，特别是在基于天线的研究中。此外，我们的分析表明，当心血管系统受到挑战并需要适应时，例如在体位变化或生理操作期间，射频暴露可能特别会干扰心脏调节机制，尽管目前尚无足够的可比研究来验证这一假设。重要的是，所有纳入的研究均在静息或非应激条件下进行，且仅涉及健康参与者。因此，我们的结论不能推广到应激状态或临床人群。此外，需要方法学的统一以提高未来研究之间的可比性。当前证据的主要局限性在于实验方案的异质性，这凸显了未来研究中方法学标准化的必要性。为解决当前的异质性问题，我们提出了具体的方法学建议，包括系统盲法、准确的暴露测量和详细的暴露情况，以提高未来研究的可比性和可重复性。生物电磁学。00:00 - 00，2025年。© 2025生物电磁学协会
