Bigelow G E, Brooner R K, Silverman K
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA.
J Psychopharmacol. 1998;12(1):8-14. doi: 10.1177/026988119801200102.
A behavioral pharmacological conceptualization of drug abuse is summarized, which views drug abuse as learned operant behavior that is reinforced by positive effects produced by drugs of abuse. In this view drug abuse may be better characterized as involving attraction rather than compulsion. Incentive-based treatments may be useful for overcoming and competing with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Illustrative examples of incentive-based treatments for drug abuse, and their results, are described. The efficacy of incentive-based treatments indicates that many substance abusers possess the necessary skills to achieve abstinence and suggests that motivational interventions alone may be sufficient in many cases. Areas for further research are discussed that relate to refining and developing incentive-based therapies and to improving their practical utility and public acceptability.
本文总结了药物滥用的行为药理学概念，该概念将药物滥用视为一种习得的操作性行为，这种行为通过滥用药物产生的积极效果得到强化。按照这种观点，药物滥用可能更确切地被描述为涉及吸引力而非强迫性。基于激励的治疗方法可能有助于克服并抗衡滥用药物的强化作用。文中描述了基于激励的药物滥用治疗方法及其效果的示例。基于激励的治疗方法的有效性表明，许多药物滥用者具备实现戒除的必要技能，并表明在许多情况下，仅动机干预可能就足够了。文中还讨论了与完善和发展基于激励的疗法以及提高其实用性和公众接受度相关的进一步研究领域。
