Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Jan;38(1):20-9. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2011.598592. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
Conceptualizing drug abuse within the framework of behavioral theories of choice highlights the relevance of environmental variables in shifting behavior away from drug-related purchases. Choosing to use drugs results in immediate and certain consequences (e.g., drug high and relief from withdrawal), whereas choosing abstinence typically results in delayed, and often uncertain, consequences (e.g., improved health, interpersonal relationships, money).
This is a selective review of the literature on Contingency management (CM).
We highlight a variety of methods to deliver CM in practical, effective, and sustainable ways. We consider a number of parameters that are critical to the success of monetary-based CM, and the role of the context in influencing CM's effects. To illustrate the broad range of applications of CM, we also review different methods for arranging contingencies to promote abstinence and other relevant behavior. Finally, we discuss some considerations about how drug-dependent individuals allocate their finances in the context of CM interventions.
Contingency management (CM) increases choice for drug abstinence via the availability of immediate, financial-based gains, contingent on objective evidence of abstinence.
在行为选择理论的框架内概念化药物滥用突出了环境变量在使行为远离与药物相关的购买方面的相关性。选择使用药物会立即产生确定的后果（例如，药物带来的快感和戒除戒断症状的缓解），而选择禁欲通常会产生延迟且往往不确定的后果（例如，改善健康、人际关系、金钱）。
这是对条件管理（CM）文献的选择性回顾。
我们强调了以实用、有效和可持续的方式提供 CM 的各种方法。我们考虑了一些对基于货币的 CM 成功至关重要的参数，以及环境在影响 CM 效果方面的作用。为了说明 CM 的广泛应用，我们还回顾了不同的方法来安排条件，以促进禁欲和其他相关行为。最后，我们讨论了一些关于吸毒者在 CM 干预背景下如何分配资金的考虑因素。
条件管理 (CM) 通过提供基于财务的即时收益来增加对药物禁欲的选择，这些收益取决于禁欲的客观证据。
