Byard R W, Gilbert J, Lipsett J, James R
Department of Histopathology, Women's and Children's Hospital and University of Adelaide, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1998 Apr;34(2):139-41. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.1998.00177.x.
To analyse the circumstances surrounding farm and tractor-related childhood fatalities in South Australia, to identify potentially dangerous situations and to delineate prevention strategies.
A retrospective search of files was conducted at the Women's and Children's Hospital Department of Histopathology from 1981 to 1996, and the State Coroner's Office from 1988 to 1996.
Fifteen fatalities were identified comprising 11 boys and four girls (age range, 2 years 11 months to 13 years; average, 6 years). Activities prior to death included riding on a tractor/trailer (n=8); playing near a field grain storage bin (n=2); playing near machinery (n=2); sleeping in a car near a burn off (n=1); walking around a dam (n=1) and riding as a passenger on a motorbike (n=1). Causes of death included multiple skull fractures and cerebral damage (n=11), asphyxia (n=2), drowning (n=1) and incineration (n=1).
The most dangerous activity involved children riding unrestrained on tractors; falls resulted in extensive injuries from tractor rear wheels or towed machinery. Allowing children on farms to ride on tractors or machinery only if there is a safe seat with a restraining harness would substantially reduce the number of fatal farm-related childhood injuries in South Australia.
分析南澳大利亚州与农场和拖拉机相关的儿童死亡情况，确定潜在危险情况并制定预防策略。
对妇女儿童医院组织病理学部门1981年至1996年以及州验尸官办公室1988年至1996年的档案进行回顾性检索。
确定了15例死亡病例，其中包括11名男孩和4名女孩（年龄范围为2岁11个月至13岁；平均年龄为6岁）。死亡前的活动包括乘坐拖拉机/拖车（n = 8）；在田间谷物储存仓附近玩耍（n = 2）；在机械附近玩耍（n = 2）；在烧荒附近的汽车里睡觉（n = 1）；在水坝周围行走（n = 1）以及乘坐摩托车后座（n = 1）。死亡原因包括多发性颅骨骨折和脑损伤（n = 11）、窒息（n = 2）、溺水（n = 1）和焚烧（n = 1）。
最危险的活动是儿童在未受约束的情况下乘坐拖拉机；摔倒导致拖拉机后轮或牵引机械造成严重伤害。只有在有带约束带的安全座椅的情况下，才允许农场中的儿童乘坐拖拉机或机械，这将大幅减少南澳大利亚州与农场相关的儿童致命伤害数量。
