Moss S E, Klein R, Klein B E, Jensen S C, Meuer S M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397, USA.
Ophthalmology. 1998 May;105(5):789-94. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)95016-3.
This study evaluated alcohol consumption as a risk factor for incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM).
Persons aged 43 to 86 years in 1988 in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were examined from 1988 through 1990 and 1993 through 1995, n = 3684. The presence and severity of ARM at both examinations were determined from gradings of stereoscopic fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Classification System. Alcohol consumption was determined by self-report.
Men drinking at least 78 g/week of alcohol from beer had a higher 5-year age-adjusted incidence of early ARM (10.6%) than did men who did not drink beer (6.9%), but the test for trend was only borderline significant (P = 0.08). However, incidence of soft indistinct drusen (P = 0.01), increased drusen area (P < 0.01), and confluent drusen (P = 0.02) are all associated with beer drinking in men. Increased retinal pigment and retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation are not associated with beer drinking in men or women nor are any lesions associated with total alcohol consumption or consumption from liquor or wine in either men or women.
Except for an association of beer drinking with retinal drusen in men, consumption of alcoholic beverages is not likely to be an important risk factor for incidence of ARM.
本研究评估饮酒作为年龄相关性黄斑病变（ARM）发病风险因素的情况。
1988年对威斯康星州比弗代尔年龄在43至86岁的人群进行检查，时间跨度为1988年至1990年以及1993年至1995年，共3684人。根据威斯康星年龄相关性黄斑病变分类系统，通过立体眼底照片分级确定两次检查时ARM的存在情况和严重程度。饮酒情况通过自我报告确定。
每周饮用至少78克啤酒的男性，其5年年龄调整后的早期ARM发病率（10.6%）高于不饮用啤酒的男性（6.9%），但趋势检验仅接近显著（P = 0.08）。然而，软性不清晰玻璃膜疣的发病率（P = 0.01）、玻璃膜疣面积增加（P < 0.01）以及融合性玻璃膜疣（P = 0.02）均与男性饮用啤酒有关。视网膜色素增加和视网膜色素上皮色素脱失与男性或女性饮用啤酒均无关，且任何病变与男性或女性的总酒精摄入量或饮用白酒或葡萄酒的情况均无关。
除男性饮用啤酒与视网膜玻璃膜疣有关外，饮用酒精饮料不太可能是ARM发病的重要风险因素。
