Comer S D, Collins E D, Wilson S T, Donovan M R, Foltin R W, Fischman M W
Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Mar 12;345(1):13-26. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01572-0.
Five heroin-dependent research volunteers, maintained on divided daily oral morphine doses, participated in an inpatient study designed to evaluate intravenous (i.v.) heroin self-administration when money ($10, $20 or $40) was concurrently available. Each morning participants received a single injection of heroin (placebo, 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/70 kg, i.v.) and each afternoon, they had the opportunity to self-administer all or part of the morning dose. Participants responded under a progressive-ratio schedule (50, 100, ..., 2800) during a 10-trial self-administration task. During each trial, participants could respond for 1/10th of the sampled heroin dose or 1/10th of a single money value. The progressive-ratio value increased independently for each option. The total amount of heroin and/or money chosen during the self-administration task was administered at the end of the task. Heroin dose-dependently increased ratings of 'good drug effect' and 'high', impaired task performance and decreased pupil diameter and blood oxygen saturation. Heroin also dose-dependently increased progressive-ratio break point values, which varied as a function of the alternative money amount. Consistent with previous studies, the present results demonstrate that alternative reinforcers, depending on magnitude, are effective in reducing heroin use in opioid-dependent individuals.
五名依赖海洛因的研究志愿者，每天口服分次剂量的吗啡维持治疗，参与了一项住院研究，该研究旨在评估当金钱（10美元、20美元或40美元）同时可用时静脉注射海洛因的自我给药情况。每天早晨，参与者接受一次海洛因注射（安慰剂、6.25、12.5、25或50毫克/70千克，静脉注射），每天下午，他们有机会自我给药上午剂量的全部或部分。在一项10次试验的自我给药任务中，参与者按照累进比率程序（50、100、……、2800）做出反应。在每次试验中，参与者可以为抽取的海洛因剂量的十分之一或单一金钱价值的十分之一做出反应。每个选项的累进比率值独立增加。在自我给药任务期间选择的海洛因和/或金钱的总量在任务结束时给予。海洛因剂量依赖性地增加了“良好药物效果”和“兴奋”的评分，损害了任务表现，并降低了瞳孔直径和血氧饱和度。海洛因还剂量依赖性地增加了累进比率断点值，该值随替代金钱数量而变化。与先前的研究一致，目前的结果表明，替代强化物根据数量在减少阿片类药物依赖个体的海洛因使用方面是有效的。
