Dowson M N, Nevill M E, Lakomy H K, Nevill A M, Hazeldine R J
Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1998 Apr;16(3):257-65. doi: 10.1080/026404198366786.
Muscle strength is thought to be a major factor in athletic success. However, the relationship between muscle strength and sprint performance has received little attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship in elite performers of isokinetic muscle strength across three lower limb joints and sprinting performance, including the use of theoretical models. Eight rugby players, eight track sprinters and eight competitive sportsmen, all elite national or regional competitors, performed sprints over 15 m and 35 m with times recorded over 0-15 m and 30-35 m. Isokinetic torque was measured at the knee, hip and ankle joints at low (1.05 rad s(-1)), intermediate (2.09 or 2.62 rad s(-1)) and high (3.14 or 4.19 rad s(-1)) speeds during concentric and eccentric muscle actions. Using linear regression and expressing sprint performance as time, the strongest relationship, for the joint actions and speeds tested, was between concentric knee extension at 4.19 rad s(-1) and sprint performance (0-15 m times: r=-0.518, P< 0.01; 30-35 m times: r=-0.688, P< 0.01). These relationships were improved for 0-15 m, but not for 30-35 m, by expressing torque relative to body mass (0-15 m times: r=-0.581; 30-35 m times: r=-0.659). When 0-15 m performance was expressed as acceleration rather than time, the correlation was improved slightly (r=0.590). However, when the data (0-15 m times) were fitted to the allometric force model proposed by Gunther, 77% of the variance in concentric knee extension torque at 4.19 rad s(-1) could be explained by 0-15 m times, limb length (knee to buttocks) and body mass. The fitted parameters were similar to those from the theoretical model. These findings suggest that the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and sprint performance over 0-15 m (during the acceleration phase) is improved by taking limb length and body mass into account.
肌肉力量被认为是运动成功的一个主要因素。然而，肌肉力量与短跑成绩之间的关系却很少受到关注。本研究的目的是通过理论模型，研究精英运动员三个下肢关节等速肌肉力量与短跑成绩之间的关系。八名橄榄球运动员、八名田径短跑运动员和八名竞技运动员，均为国家级或地区级精英选手，进行了15米和35米的短跑，并记录了0至15米和30至35米的时间。在向心和离心肌肉动作过程中，分别在低（1.05弧度·秒⁻¹）、中（2.09或2.62弧度·秒⁻¹）和高（3.14或4.19弧度·秒⁻¹）速度下测量膝关节、髋关节和踝关节的等速扭矩。使用线性回归并将短跑成绩表示为时间，对于所测试的关节动作和速度，最强的关系是4.19弧度·秒⁻¹的向心膝关节伸展与短跑成绩之间的关系（0至15米时间：r = -0.518，P < 0.01；30至35米时间：r = -0.688，P < 0.01）。通过将扭矩相对于体重来表示，0至15米的这些关系得到了改善，但30至35米的关系没有改善（0至15米时间：r = -0.581；30至35米时间：r = -0.659）。当将0至15米的成绩表示为加速度而不是时间时，相关性略有提高（r = 0.590）。然而，当将数据（0至15米时间）拟合到Gunther提出的异速生长力模型时，4.19弧度·秒⁻¹的向心膝关节伸展扭矩的77%的方差可以由0至15米时间、肢体长度（膝盖到臀部）和体重来解释。拟合参数与理论模型的参数相似。这些发现表明，通过考虑肢体长度和体重，等速肌肉力量与0至15米（加速阶段）短跑成绩之间的关系得到了改善。
