Lipton S A, Nicotera P
CNS Research Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Cell Calcium. 1998 Feb-Mar;23(2-3):165-71. doi: 10.1016/s0143-4160(98)90115-4.
Apoptosis is an active process of cell destruction, characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin aggregation with extensive genomic fragmentation, and nuclear pyknosis. In contrast, necrosis is characterized by passive cell swelling, intense mitochondrial damage with rapid energy loss, and generalized disruption of internal homeostasis. This swiftly leads to membrane lysis, release of intracellular constituents that evoke a local inflammatory reaction, edema, and injury to the surrounding tissue. In collaboration, our two research laboratories have been defining excitotoxic signals that lead to apoptosis versus necrosis via, among other pathways, Ca2+ signaling mechanisms; this is the subject of this brief review.
细胞凋亡是一种细胞破坏的主动过程，其特征为细胞萎缩、染色质聚集并伴有广泛的基因组片段化以及核固缩。相比之下，坏死的特征是细胞被动肿胀、线粒体严重损伤并伴有快速的能量丧失，以及体内内环境稳定的普遍破坏。这迅速导致细胞膜溶解，细胞内成分释放，引发局部炎症反应、水肿以及对周围组织的损伤。我们两个研究实验室合作，一直在确定通过Ca2+信号机制等途径导致细胞凋亡与坏死的兴奋性毒性信号；这就是本简要综述的主题。
