Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Bousher, PO Box 620, Postal code 130, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Jul;48(7):5629-5645. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06512-9. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative old age disease that is complex, multifactorial, unalterable, and progressive in nature. The currently approved therapy includes cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA-receptor antagonists and their combination therapy provides only temporary symptomatic relief. Sincere efforts have been made by the researchers globally to identify new targets, discover, and develop novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD. This brief review article is intended to cover the recent advances in drug development and emerging therapeutic agents for AD acting at different targets. The article is compiled using various scientific online databases and by referring to clinicaltrials.gov and ALZFORUM (alzforum.org) websites. The upcoming therapies act on one or more targets including amyloids (secretases, Aβ production, amyloid deposition, and immunotherapy), tau proteins (tau phosphorylation/aggregation and immunotherapy) and neuroinflammation in addition to other miscellaneous targets. Despite the tremendous improvement in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD, only aducanumab was approved by FDA for the treatment of AD in 18 years i.e., since 2003. Hence, it is concluded that novel therapeutic strategies are required to discover and develop therapeutic agents to fight against the century old AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性老年疾病，其本质是复杂的、多因素的、不可改变的和进行性的。目前批准的治疗方法包括胆碱酯酶抑制剂、NMDA 受体拮抗剂及其联合治疗仅提供暂时的症状缓解。全球研究人员一直在努力寻找新的靶点，发现和开发治疗 AD 的新型治疗药物。本文综述了 AD 不同靶点的药物开发和新兴治疗药物的最新进展。本文通过使用各种科学在线数据库，并参考 clinicaltrials.gov 和 ALZFORUM（alzforum.org）网站进行编译。即将出现的治疗方法针对一个或多个靶点，包括淀粉样蛋白（分泌酶、Aβ 产生、淀粉样蛋白沉积和免疫疗法）、tau 蛋白（tau 磷酸化/聚集和免疫疗法）和神经炎症，以及其他杂项靶点。尽管我们对 AD 潜在病理生理学的理解有了巨大的提高，但自 2003 年以来，FDA 仅批准 aducanumab 用于 AD 的治疗。因此，结论是需要发现和开发新的治疗策略来对抗这个百年疾病。
