Lawrence M, Barclay D M
University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1998 May 1;57(9):2175-8.
The etiology of stuttering is controversial. The prevailing theories point to measurable neurophysical dysfunctions that disrupt the precise timing required to produce speech. Stuttering is a common disorder that usually resolves by adulthood. Almost 80 percent of children who stutter recover fluency by the age of 16 years. Mild stuttering is self-limited, but more severe stuttering requires speech therapy which is the mainstay of treatment. Delayed auditory feedback and computer-assisted training are currently used to help slow down speech and control other speech mechanisms. Pharmacologic therapy is seldom used, although haloperidol has been somewhat effective.
口吃的病因存在争议。主流理论指出,可测量的神经生理功能障碍会干扰产生言语所需的精确 timing。口吃是一种常见疾病,通常在成年期自行缓解。近80%的口吃儿童在16岁时恢复流利说话能力。轻度口吃是自限性的,但更严重的口吃需要言语治疗,这是主要的治疗方法。目前使用延迟听觉反馈和计算机辅助训练来帮助减缓语速并控制其他言语机制。药物治疗很少使用,尽管氟哌啶醇有一定疗效。