Kirkpatrick C J, Bittinger F, Wagner M, Köhler H, van Kooten T G, Klein C L, Otto M
Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 1998;212(2):75-84. doi: 10.1243/0954411981533845.
Biocompatibility remains the central theme for biomaterials applications in medicine. It is generally accepted that this term means not only absence of a cytotoxic effect but also positive effects in the sense of biofunctionality, i.e. promotion of biological processes which further the intended aim of the application of a biomaterial. The national and international standards for testing regimes represent a lowest common denominator for such applications and do not necessarily ensure that optimal function will be achieved. The authors' thesis is that biocompatibility testing has scope for extensive development with respect to biofunctionality. The present paper reviews current trends in the in vitro aspects of biocompatibility testing. As well as a critical appraisal of the recent literature, future trends are also stressed, which the authors regard as essential for a meaningful integration of a modern biological approach into new developments in the material sciences. These include the application of modern techniques of cell and molecular biology, the concepts of tissue remodelling, hybrid organ development and encapsulated cell technology.
生物相容性仍然是生物材料在医学应用中的核心主题。人们普遍认为，这个术语不仅意味着没有细胞毒性作用，还意味着在生物功能方面有积极作用，即促进有助于生物材料应用预期目标的生物过程。国家和国际测试制度标准是此类应用的最低共同标准，并不一定能确保实现最佳功能。作者的论点是，生物相容性测试在生物功能方面有广泛的发展空间。本文综述了生物相容性测试体外方面的当前趋势。除了对近期文献的批判性评价外，还强调了未来趋势，作者认为这些趋势对于将现代生物学方法有意义地融入材料科学的新发展至关重要。这些趋势包括现代细胞和分子生物学技术的应用、组织重塑概念、混合器官发育和封装细胞技术。
