Goujon C
Centre de Vaccinations, Hôpital de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Med Trop (Mars). 1997;57(4 Bis):478-82.
Several factors must be taken into account in planning vaccination schedules for overseas travelers. The first factor is to determine requirements mandated by applicable laws in the destination country and in France governing professional travel such as by military personnel. The other factors involve risk assessment including local health and epidemiological conditions, living conditions during the stay, and personal profile of the traveler (e.g. age and previous vaccination). Tropical areas are not the only destinations where infectious risks requiring vaccinations are found. Vaccination against diseases such as diphtheria and tick-borne encephalitis is necessary for several countries in Europe. Pre-travel planning provides a timely opportunity for updating basic vaccination requirements (e.g. tetanus and polio). For the growing number of elderly travelers, accurate evaluation of immune status may be difficult either because these subjects may never been vaccinated but only exposed to the wild germ during childhood or because their vaccinations may have been performed long ago. In both cases one cannot be sure of the quality of the anamnestic response to booster injections. A frequent limitation on vaccination planning for travelers is time available before departure.
在为海外旅行者制定疫苗接种计划时，必须考虑几个因素。第一个因素是确定目的地国家和法国适用法律规定的、针对诸如军事人员等专业旅行者的要求。其他因素包括风险评估，其中涵盖当地健康和流行病学状况、停留期间的生活条件以及旅行者的个人情况（如年龄和既往接种情况）。热带地区并非唯一存在需要接种疫苗的感染风险的目的地。欧洲的几个国家也有必要接种白喉和蜱传脑炎等疾病的疫苗。旅行前规划为更新基本疫苗接种要求（如破伤风和脊髓灰质炎）提供了一个及时的契机。对于越来越多的老年旅行者而言，准确评估免疫状态可能存在困难，这要么是因为这些人可能从未接种过疫苗，只是在童年时期接触过野生病菌，要么是因为他们的疫苗接种可能是很久以前进行的。在这两种情况下，都无法确定对加强针的回忆反应质量。旅行者疫苗接种计划中常见的一个限制因素是出发前的可用时间。
