Borie D C, Cramer D V, Phan-Thanh L, Vaillant J C, Bequet J L, Makowka L, Hannoun L
Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998 May;19(5):355-65. doi: 10.1086/647830.
Pigs are emerging as the most likely providers of genetically engineered organs and cells for the purpose of clinical xenotransplantation. Introduction of clinical trials has been delayed primarily by uncertainties regarding the risk of swine pathogen transmission that could harm the recipient. The concern that xenotransplantation carries the potential for a new epidemic has been highlighted by recent experiences with both bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human immunodeficiency diseases. As clinical trials have been postponed and xenotransplantation teams are working actively to gather data for an estimation of the risk, this review provides the reader with a state-of-the-art estimation of the microbiological hazards related to xenotransplantation of porcine organs to man. Particular emphasis is put on viral and retroviral hazards. Both current diagnostic tools and those under development are described, along with breeding strategies to provide donor animals that would not put the recipient or the general population at risk.
猪正逐渐成为临床异种移植中最有可能提供基因工程器官和细胞的来源。临床试验的开展主要因猪病原体传播风险存在不确定性而推迟，这种传播可能会对接受者造成伤害。牛海绵状脑病和人类免疫缺陷疾病的近期事件凸显了人们对异种移植可能引发新流行病的担忧。由于临床试验已推迟，且异种移植团队正在积极收集数据以评估风险，本综述为读者提供了有关猪器官移植给人类的微生物危害的最新评估。特别强调了病毒和逆转录病毒危害。文中描述了当前的诊断工具以及正在研发的工具，还介绍了培育供体动物的策略，这些供体动物不会使接受者或普通人群面临风险。
