MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 May 22;47(19):386-9.
The continuum of smoking behavior among children and adolescents can be described in stages of preparation, trying, experimentation, regular smoking, and nicotine dependence or addiction. Persons who have smoked can discontinue at any stage, but quitting becomes more difficult as smokers progress through the continuum and become increasingly dependent on nicotine. Nicotine addiction is characterized by a physiologic need for nicotine, including a tolerance for nicotine, withdrawal symptoms if an attempt is made to quit, and a high probability of relapse after quitting. To determine the prevalence of selected cigarette smoking initiation and quitting behaviors among youth, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Findings indicate that among U.S. high school students in 1997, 70.2% had tried cigarette smoking. Among students who had ever tried cigarette smoking, 35.8% went on to smoke daily. Among those who had ever smoked daily, 72.9% had ever tried to quit smoking and 13.5% were former smokers.
儿童和青少年吸烟行为的连续过程可分为准备阶段、尝试阶段、试验阶段、经常吸烟阶段以及尼古丁依赖或成瘾阶段。已吸烟的人可在任何阶段戒烟，但随着吸烟者在这个连续过程中不断发展并越来越依赖尼古丁，戒烟会变得更加困难。尼古丁成瘾的特征是对尼古丁有生理需求，包括对尼古丁产生耐受性、试图戒烟时出现戒断症状以及戒烟后复发的可能性很高。为了确定青少年中特定的吸烟起始和戒烟行为的流行情况，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了1997年青少年危险行为调查（YRBS）的数据。研究结果表明，在1997年的美国高中生中，70.2%的人尝试过吸烟。在曾经尝试过吸烟的学生中，35.8%的人进而每天吸烟。在曾经每天吸烟的人中，72.9%的人曾经尝试过戒烟，13.5%的人已戒烟。
