McCarty C A, Bansal A K, Livingston P M, Stanislavsky Y L, Taylor H R
University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Australia.
Ophthalmology. 1998 Jun;105(6):1114-9. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96016-X.
To describe the epidemiology of dry eye in the adult population of Melbourne, Australia.
A cross-sectional prevalence study.
Participants were recruited by a household census from two of nine clusters of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, a population-based study of age-related eye disease in the 40 and older age group of Melbourne, Australia. Nine hundred and twenty-six (82.3% of eligible) people participated; 433 (46.8%) were male. They ranged in age from 40 to 97 years, with a mean of 59.2 years.
Self-reported symptoms of dry eye were elicited by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Four objective assessments of dry eye were made: Schirmer's test, tear film breakup time, rose bengal staining, and fluorescein corneal staining. A standardized clinical slit-lamp examination was performed on all participants. Dry eye for the individual signs or symptoms was defined as: rose bengal > 3, Schirmers < 8, tear film breakup time < 8, > 1/3 fluorescein staining, and severe symptoms (3 on a scale of 0 to 3).
Dry eye was diagnosed as follows: 10.8% by rose bengal, 16.3% by Schirmer's test, 8.6% by tear film breakup time, 1.5% by fluorescein staining, 7.4% with two or more signs, and 5.5% with any severe symptom not attributed to hay fever. Women were more likely to report severe symptoms of dry eye (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1.01, 3.41). Risk factors for two or more signs of dry eye include age (OR = 1.04; 95% CL = 1.01, 1.06), and self-report of arthritis (OR = 3.27; 95% CL = 1.74, 6.17). These results were not changed after excluding the 21 people (2.27%) who wore contact lenses.
These are the first reported population-based data of dry eye in Australia. The prevalence of dry eye varies by sign and symptom.
描述澳大利亚墨尔本成年人群中干眼的流行病学特征。
一项横断面患病率研究。
通过家庭普查从墨尔本视力损害项目的9个群组中的2个群组招募参与者，该项目是一项针对澳大利亚墨尔本40岁及以上年龄组与年龄相关眼病的基于人群的研究。926人（符合条件者的82.3%）参与；433人（46.8%）为男性。年龄范围为40至97岁，平均年龄为59.2岁。
通过访员管理的问卷引出干眼的自我报告症状。对干眼进行了四项客观评估：泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间、孟加拉玫瑰红染色和荧光素角膜染色。对所有参与者进行了标准化的临床裂隙灯检查。个体体征或症状的干眼定义为：孟加拉玫瑰红染色>3、泪液分泌试验<8、泪膜破裂时间<8、荧光素染色>1/3以及严重症状（0至3级评分中为3分）。
干眼的诊断情况如下：孟加拉玫瑰红染色诊断为10.8%，泪液分泌试验诊断为16.3%，泪膜破裂时间诊断为8.6%，荧光素染色诊断为1.5%，两项或更多体征诊断为7.4%，有任何非花粉症所致严重症状诊断为5.5%。女性更有可能报告干眼的严重症状（优势比[OR]=1.85；95%置信区间[CL]=1.01，3.41）。干眼两项或更多体征的危险因素包括年龄（OR=1.04；95%CL=1.01，1.06）以及关节炎的自我报告（OR=3.27；95%CL=1.74，6.17）。在排除21名（2.27%）佩戴隐形眼镜的人后，这些结果未改变。
这些是澳大利亚首次报告的基于人群的干眼数据。干眼的患病率因体征和症状而异。
