Modification of visual functions of the parietal lobe at early age in the monkey.

In addition to the visual pathway ending in the visual cortex, visual information is also processed in the associative areas of the cortex. We have studied the posterior parietal association area (Brodmann's area 7), and in our sample about 40% of the neurons were influenced by visual stimulation or ocular movements. The visually activated neurons in this region in normal adult monkeys have large, binocular receptive fields and they respond well to all moving visual stimuli near the animal. They do not differentiate between different patterns of visual stimuli but respond well to objects of interest, such as food, drinks, new objects, etc. Many visual neurons also respond to somatic stimulation. Preliminary experiments on two young monkeys suggest that the visual input into area 7 is strongly modified by early visual deprivation. In one monkey monocular deprivation lead to total absence of any influence from the deprived eye to area 7. No deprivation effect was observed in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the effect in area 7 was stronger than in the visual cortex (area 17). One monkey raised with bilateral eye closure was behaviourally blind after the opening of the eyes and remained so for the observation period of one month. In area 7 of this monkey the proportion of recording sites responsive to visual stimulation was sharply reduced. In kittens binocular deprivation is known to effect the function of the visual cortex much less than monocular deprivation. It seems possible that at early age inputs representing different sensory systems compete for influence in the associative cortical areas in the same way as there is competition between inputs from the two eyes to the visual cortex.