Wilson T G, Schenk R, Buser D, Cochran D
Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998 May-Jun;13(3):333-41.
Five titanium plasma-sprayed implants were biopsied from a human volunteer 6 months after placement. Four test implants had been placed in immediate extraction sockets, while one implant was placed in a mature site and served as a control. The histologic analysis demonstrated that all five implants achieved osseointegration as demonstrated by light microscopy, whereas a varying degree of bone-implant contact was observed. The non-loaded control implant had the highest percentage of bone-implant contact, 72%, followed by the two implants placed in the canine sites presenting with a horizontal defect dimension of 1.5 nm or less. These implants were placed without a barrier membrane, but in a submerged fashion. The histometric analysis showed a mean bone-implant contact of 50% for these two implants. The lowest mean bone-implant contact (17%) was observed for the two molar implants, which had horizontal defect dimensions of 4 mm; these implants were placed in a non-submerged fashion with the implants perforating an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The authors concluded that osseointegration may occur in immediate extraction sites in humans using titanium implants with a plasma-sprayed surface. The horizontal component of the peri-implant defect was apparently the most critical factor relating to the final amount of bone-implant contact.
五颗钛等离子喷涂种植体在植入人体志愿者6个月后进行活检。四颗测试种植体植入即刻拔牙窝，而一颗种植体植入成熟位点作为对照。组织学分析表明，通过光学显微镜观察，所有五颗种植体均实现了骨整合，然而观察到骨与种植体的接触程度各异。未加载的对照种植体骨与种植体接触百分比最高，为72%，其次是植入犬齿位点的两颗种植体，其水平缺损尺寸为1.5纳米或更小。这些种植体未使用屏障膜，以潜入式方式植入。组织计量学分析显示这两颗种植体的平均骨与种植体接触率为50%。观察到两颗磨牙种植体的平均骨与种植体接触率最低（17%），其水平缺损尺寸为4毫米；这些种植体以非潜入式方式植入，种植体穿透了膨胀聚四氟乙烯膜。作者得出结论，使用表面等离子喷涂的钛种植体在人类即刻拔牙位点可能发生骨整合。种植体周围缺损的水平部分显然是与骨与种植体最终接触量相关的最关键因素。
