Jönsson R, Rosenhall U, Gause-Nilsson I, Steen B
Department of Audiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Scand Audiol. 1998;27(2):81-93. doi: 10.1080/010503998420324.
Within the framework of the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden, 473 elderly persons were examined using pure-tone audiometry in two recent cohorts. The aim of this study was to present cross-sectionally acquired hearing data in these contemporary groups aged 70 and 75. Another objective was to compare hearing function at the same age over the last two decades (time-lag study) in three 70-year-old cohorts and three 75-year-old cohorts. The largest time-lags were 14 years (75-year-olds) and 21 years (70-year-olds). The most recently tested cohort of 70-year-olds, studied in 1992, demonstrated median pure-tone averages (PTA: 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) of 20.2 dB HL in the left ear of men and 18.2 dB HL in women. The left median pure-tone thresholds at 4 kHz were 56.0 dB HL in men and 34.7 dB HL in women. Hearing acuity in 70-year-olds was not demonstrated to have changed in any consistent fashion over a 21-year time-lag. For the most recently evaluated 75-year-olds, the median PTA in the left ear was 27.3 dB HL in men and 21.6 dB in women. The left median 4 kHz threshold was 67.3 in the male group and 45.5 dB HL in the female group. Hearing in 75-year-olds over a time-lag of 14 years demonstrated somewhat better pure-tone thresholds predominantly in the men's better ear in the earliest cohort when compared to the cohort tested in 1990-91. However, there were no consistent differences of pure-tone thresholds between these age cohorts, except for the intermediate cohort 2, in which the men had generally worse hearing. Thus, there was no apparent evidence of changes of the auditory function in elderly of the same age over the last two decades. Gender-specific dissimilarities in annual pure-tone threshold deterioration between the ages of 70 and 75 were found and are discussed.
在瑞典哥德堡开展的老年学和老年病学人群研究框架内，近期对两个队列中的473名老年人进行了纯音听力测定。本研究的目的是横断面呈现这些70岁和75岁当代人群的听力数据。另一个目标是比较过去二十年中三个70岁队列和三个75岁队列在相同年龄时的听力功能（时间滞后研究）。最大时间滞后分别为14年（75岁人群）和21年（70岁人群）。1992年研究的最近一个70岁测试队列显示，男性左耳的纯音平均听阈（PTA：0.5、1和2千赫）为20.2分贝听力级，女性为18.2分贝听力级。4千赫时男性左耳的纯音阈值中位数为56.0分贝听力级，女性为34.7分贝听力级。在21年的时间滞后中，未发现70岁人群的听力敏锐度有任何一致的变化。对于最近评估的75岁人群，男性左耳的PTA中位数为27.3分贝听力级，女性为21.6分贝。男性组左4千赫阈值中位数为67.3，女性组为45.5分贝听力级。与1990 - 1991年测试的队列相比，14年时间滞后的75岁人群中最早队列的男性较好耳的纯音阈值在某种程度上更好。然而，除了中间队列2中男性听力普遍较差外，这些年龄队列之间的纯音阈值没有一致的差异。因此，在过去二十年中，没有明显证据表明同年龄老年人的听觉功能发生了变化。研究发现并讨论了70岁至75岁之间每年纯音阈值恶化的性别差异。
