Tatala S, Svanberg U, Mduma B
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jul;68(1):171-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/68.1.171.
A nutrition survey was conducted in the rural Lindi District of Tanzania to determine the magnitude of anemia and iron deficiency in different age and sex groups as related to nutritional status, parasitic infections, food iron intake, and socioeconomic factors. In a 30-cluster sampling design, 660 households were randomly selected and a total of 2320 subjects aged 6 mo to 65 y were examined. Iron status was assessed by measuring hemoglobin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin in a finger-prick sample: 55% of the subjects had anemia and 61% of the anemia was associated with iron deficiency (erythrocyte protoporphyrin > 125 micromol/mol heme). Preschool children (aged < 5 y) were the most affected; 84% were anemic (hemoglobin < 110 g/L). Fifty percent of the nonanemic preschool children and approximately 90% of all the severely anemic subjects were iron deficient. Hemoglobin was lower in schoolchildren (aged 5-14 y) and in adolescent and adult males (aged > or = 15 y) with a low body mass index. Parasitic infections were only associated with anemia and iron deficiency in schoolchildren and adolescent and adult males. Malaria was associated with anemia (P < 0.001), whereas schistosomiasis was associated with anemia and iron deficiency (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Hookworm infestation was associated with iron deficiency (P < 0.05) and with anemia (P < 0.01) only in adolescents and adults. A mainly cereal-based diet with additional legumes and green vegetables was found by in vitro tests to contain high amounts of total iron but of low bioavailability. Estimation of the amount of iron absorbed confirmed inadequate iron nutrition. Although anemia is a result of a synergism of a variety of causes, iron deficiency remains the major cause.
在坦桑尼亚林迪区农村进行了一项营养调查，以确定不同年龄和性别人群中贫血和缺铁的严重程度，并分析其与营养状况、寄生虫感染、食物铁摄入量及社会经济因素的关系。采用30群抽样设计，随机选取660户家庭，共检查了2320名年龄在6个月至65岁的受试者。通过测量手指针刺样本中的血红蛋白和红细胞原卟啉来评估铁状态：55%的受试者患有贫血，其中61%的贫血与缺铁有关（红细胞原卟啉>125微摩尔/摩尔血红素）。学龄前儿童（年龄<5岁）受影响最大；84%患有贫血（血红蛋白<110克/升）。50%的非贫血学龄前儿童以及约90%的所有重度贫血受试者缺铁。体重指数较低的学龄儿童（年龄5 - 14岁）以及青少年和成年男性（年龄≥15岁）的血红蛋白水平较低。寄生虫感染仅与学龄儿童以及青少年和成年男性的贫血和缺铁有关。疟疾与贫血有关（P<0.001），而血吸虫病与贫血和缺铁有关（分别为P<0.001和P<0.05）。钩虫感染仅在青少年和成年人中与缺铁有关（P<0.05）以及与贫血有关（P<0.01）。体外试验发现，以谷物为主并搭配豆类和绿色蔬菜的饮食含有大量的总铁，但生物利用率低。铁吸收量的估计证实铁营养不足。虽然贫血是多种原因协同作用的结果，但缺铁仍然是主要原因。
