Epstein J A, Botvin G J, Diaz T
Institute for Prevention Research, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Prev Med. 1998 Jul-Aug;27(4):583-9. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1998.0329.
Hispanic populations have been shown to be at high risk for smoking. The complex psychological process of adaptation to a different culture (acculturation) has been linked to smoking among Hispanic adults and adolescents. Although a positive association between acculturation and smoking appears to depend on gender among adults, research with Hispanic adolescents has ignored the moderating effect of gender.
Students in 22 New York City schools completed self-report questionnaires and provided carbon monoxide breath samples at two annual assessments. Sixth and seventh graders who identified themselves as Hispanics participated in the study (N = 1,295 at baseline; N = 1,034 at 1-year follow-up). The questionnaire included items related to smoking, acculturation, and demographic characteristics.
Analyses were conducted to determine the effects of linguistic acculturation and gender on smoking. Girls smoked more frequently than boys at both time points. Being more acculturated was also associated with more smoking at the two survey assessments. As predicted, adolescent smoking depended on both gender and linguistic acculturation. For girls, but not boys, the highly acculturated adolescents smoked more frequently than either the bilingual or the less acculturated.
Based on these findings, smoking prevention programs designed for Hispanic youth may benefit from an emphasis on Hispanic culture.
研究表明西班牙裔人群吸烟风险较高。适应不同文化的复杂心理过程（文化适应）与西班牙裔成年人及青少年吸烟有关。尽管文化适应与吸烟之间的正相关在成年人中似乎取决于性别，但针对西班牙裔青少年的研究却忽略了性别的调节作用。
纽约市22所学校的学生在两次年度评估中完成了自我报告问卷，并提供了一氧化碳呼气样本。将自己认定为西班牙裔的六年级和七年级学生参与了该研究（基线时N = 1295；1年随访时N = 1034）。问卷包括与吸烟、文化适应和人口统计学特征相关的项目。
进行分析以确定语言文化适应和性别对吸烟的影响。在两个时间点，女孩吸烟都比男孩更频繁。在两次调查评估中，文化适应程度越高也与吸烟越多有关。正如预测的那样，青少年吸烟取决于性别和语言文化适应。对于女孩而非男孩，文化适应程度高的青少年比双语或文化适应程度低的青少年吸烟更频繁。
基于这些发现，为西班牙裔青少年设计的吸烟预防项目可能会受益于对西班牙裔文化的强调。
