Hodgson C, Ellis A W
University of York, York, England.
Brain Lang. 1998 Aug;64(1):146-63. doi: 10.1006/brln.1998.1960.
Twenty-six elderly subjects (ages 71-86) and 10 young adult subjects (ages 22-33) named 206 black-and-white line drawings of objects. Although the two groups did not differ significantly on VIQ, the elderly group named significantly fewer of the objects than the younger group (who were almost at ceiling). A regression analysis of the data from the elderly group found effects of both age of acquisition and name agreement on naming accuracy after 5 and 15 s and an effect of word length after 5 but not 15 s. There were no independent effects of picture complexity, object familiarity, word frequency, or imageability. The majority of the elderly subjects' naming errors were semantic in nature, with circumlocutions, visual errors, and "don't know" responses accounting for most of the remaining errors. The implications of the findings for our understanding of word-finding problems in the elderly are discussed.
26名老年受试者（年龄71 - 86岁）和10名年轻成年受试者（年龄22 - 33岁）为206幅物体的黑白线条画命名。尽管两组在言语智商（VIQ）上没有显著差异，但老年组命名的物体数量明显少于年轻组（年轻组几乎达到上限）。对老年组数据的回归分析发现，习得年龄和名称一致性在5秒和15秒后对命名准确性均有影响，而单词长度仅在5秒后有影响，15秒后则无影响。图片复杂性、物体熟悉度、词频或可想象性均无独立影响。老年受试者的大多数命名错误本质上是语义性的，迂回表达、视觉错误和“不知道”的回答占了其余错误的大部分。本文讨论了这些发现对我们理解老年人找词问题的启示。
