Courage M L, Howe M L
Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Jul;70(1):26-53. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1998.2444.
Using paired-comparisons, 3-month-olds' (n = 148) recognition of dynamic visual events was investigated after retention intervals of 1 minute, 1 day, and 1 and 3 months (Experiment 1) and 1 minute, 1 day, and 1 week (Experiment 2). Participants were either tested at each retention interval (Multiple Tests) or tested at one interval (Single Test). The proportion of total looking time to the novel event and the length of the longest look to novel and familiar events in the first 15 s of the retention test revealed significant novelty preferences at 1 minute and 1 day and a null preference at 1 week for Multiple- and Single-Test groups. At 1 month, Multiple- (Proportion of Total Looking Time and Longest Look) and Single-Test groups (Longest Look only) preferred the familiar event. The 3-month test revealed a familiarity preference (both measures) for Single- and a null preference for Multiple-Tests groups. This changing pattern of attentional preferences is consistent with models of infant recognition memory in which novelty, familiarity, and null preferences are considered conjointly and hypothesized to reflect the accessibility of novel and familiar event representations in memory.
采用配对比较法,在1分钟、1天、1个月和3个月的保持间隔后(实验1)以及1分钟、1天和1周的保持间隔后(实验2),对148名3个月大婴儿对动态视觉事件的识别进行了研究。参与者要么在每个保持间隔进行测试(多次测试),要么在一个间隔进行测试(单次测试)。在保持测试的前15秒内,对新事件的总注视时间比例以及对新事件和熟悉事件的最长注视时间长度显示,多次测试组和单次测试组在1分钟和1天时对新事物有显著偏好,在1周时无偏好。在1个月时,多次测试组(总注视时间比例和最长注视时间)和单次测试组(仅最长注视时间)偏好熟悉的事件。3个月时的测试显示,单次测试组对熟悉事物有偏好(两种测量方法),多次测试组无偏好。这种注意力偏好的变化模式与婴儿识别记忆模型一致,在该模型中,新奇性、熟悉性和无偏好被共同考虑,并假设反映了记忆中新颖和熟悉事件表征的可及性。