Miller S A, Hamilton S L, Wester U G, Cyr W H
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Photochem Photobiol. 1998 Jul;68(1):63-70.
Exposure to solar UV radiation is a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Epidemiologic studies have also considered the use of sunlamps as a possible contributor to CMM. We measured and analyzed the emission spectra of six different currently marketed sunlamps and a historical sunlamp, the UVB-emitting FS lamp, and compared the results to solar exposure. For a typical tanner (20 sessions @ 2 minimal erythema doses (MED)/session), the annual UVA doses from commonly used fluorescent sunlamps were 0.3-1.2 times that received from the sun. For a frequent tanner (100 sessions @ 4 MED/session), the annual UVA doses from fluorescent sunlamps were 1.2-4.7 times that received from the sun and 12 times for recently available, high-pressure sunlamps. To determine biologically effective doses, action spectra for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in humans and for melanoma in the Xiphophorus fish (XFM) were applied to the sunlamps' emission spectra. The results for the effective doses using the SCC action spectrum tracked the UVB doses, while the results using the XFM action spectrum tracked the UVA doses. When combined with UV exposure received from the sun, typical sunlamp use results in an approximate doubling of annual effective dose, if the XFM action spectrum is applied. Frequent use, however, can increase the annual effective XFM dose by as much as 6 times what would be received from the sun alone for fluorescent sunlamps and as much as 12 times for newer, high-pressure sunlamps.
暴露于太阳紫外线辐射是皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）的一个风险因素。流行病学研究也将使用太阳灯视为CMM的一个可能促成因素。我们测量并分析了六种目前市场上销售的不同太阳灯以及一种历史太阳灯（发射中波紫外线的FS灯）的发射光谱，并将结果与太阳照射情况进行了比较。对于典型的美黑者（20次照射，每次2个最小红斑剂量（MED）），常用荧光太阳灯的年度紫外线A剂量是从太阳获得剂量的0.3 - 1.2倍。对于频繁美黑者（100次照射，每次4个MED），荧光太阳灯的年度紫外线A剂量是从太阳获得剂量的1.2 - 4.7倍，而对于最近推出的高压太阳灯则是12倍。为了确定生物有效剂量，将人类鳞状细胞癌（SCC）和剑尾鱼黑色素瘤（XFM）的作用光谱应用于太阳灯的发射光谱。使用SCC作用光谱得出的有效剂量结果与中波紫外线剂量相符，而使用XFM作用光谱得出的结果与紫外线A剂量相符。如果应用XFM作用光谱，典型的太阳灯使用与从太阳获得的紫外线照射相结合，会使年度有效剂量大约翻倍。然而，频繁使用对于荧光太阳灯可使年度有效XFM剂量增加到仅从太阳获得剂量的6倍，对于新型高压太阳灯则增加到12倍。
