Kato C, Li L, Tamaoka J, Horikoshi K
The Deepstar Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka.
Extremophiles. 1997 Aug;1(3):117-23. doi: 10.1007/s007920050024.
We have obtained sediment samples from the world's deepest sea-bottom, the Mariana Trench challenger point at a depth of 10,898 m, using the new unmanned submersible Kaiko. DNA was extracted from the sediment, and DNA fragments encoding several prokaryotic ribosomal RNA small-subunit sequences and pressure-regulated gene clusters, typically identified in deep-sea adapted bacteria, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. From the sequencing results, at least two kinds of bacterial 16S rRNAs closely related to those of the genus Pseudomonas and deep-sea adapted marine bacteria, and archaeal 16S rRNAs related to that of a planktonic marine archaeon were identified. The sequences of the amplified pressure-regulated clusters were more similar to those of deep-sea barophilic bacteria than those of barotolerant bacteria. These results suggest that deep-sea adapted barophilic bacteria, planktonic marine archaea, and some of the world's most widespread bacteria (the genus Pseudomonas) coexist on the world's deepest sea-bottom.
我们使用新型无人潜水器“海沟号”，从世界最深的海底——深度达10898米的马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊获取了沉积物样本。从沉积物中提取了DNA，并通过聚合酶链反应扩增出了编码几种原核生物核糖体RNA小亚基序列以及压力调节基因簇的DNA片段，这些基因簇通常在适应深海环境的细菌中被鉴定出来。从测序结果中，鉴定出了至少两种与假单胞菌属细菌和适应深海环境的海洋细菌密切相关的细菌16S rRNA，以及与浮游海洋古菌相关的古菌16S rRNA。扩增出的压力调节基因簇的序列与嗜压深海细菌的序列比耐压细菌的序列更为相似。这些结果表明，适应深海环境的嗜压细菌、浮游海洋古菌以及世界上分布最广的一些细菌（假单胞菌属）共存于世界最深的海底。
