Thonnon J, Fontenille D, Tall A, Diallo M, Renaudineau Y, Baudez B, Raphenon G
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Jul;59(1):108-14. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.108.
An outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in the central part of Senegal during October 1995. Thirty-one probable cases were detected and 79 cases were confirmed either by IgM ELISA or by virus isolation (30 strains isolated). The case fatality rate was 18.9%. Incidence of the infection was evaluated by a serosurvey in the area. Males 10-29 years old belonging to the Peul ethnic group were more affected. Moreover, 28 YF virus strains were isolated from mosquitoes and larvae pools and vertical transmission of YF virus by Aedes aegypti was also demonstrated for the first time in the field. This outbreak occurred after the major amplification of the wild cycle of YF virus in 1993 in West Africa. This epidemic represented a typical example of intermediate transmission of YF: both humans and wild vertebrates are involved in the virus cycle through wild mosquitoes with semidomestic habits, mainly Ae. furcifer, Ae. luteocephalus, and domestic vector Ae. aegypti. It was controlled by a prompt immunization campaign. The impact of inclusion of YF vaccine in the Expanded Program of Immunization, which has been conducted in Senegal for eight years, is discussed.
1995年10月，塞内加尔中部爆发了黄热病疫情。共检测到31例疑似病例，通过IgM酶联免疫吸附测定法（IgM ELISA）或病毒分离确诊了79例（分离出30株病毒）。病死率为18.9%。通过对该地区的血清学调查评估了感染发病率。10至29岁属于富拉尼族的男性受影响更为严重。此外，从蚊子和幼虫池中分离出28株黄热病病毒毒株，并且在野外首次证实了埃及伊蚊可进行黄热病病毒的垂直传播。此次疫情发生在1993年黄热病病毒在西非野生传播周期大幅扩增之后。这场流行病是黄热病中间传播的一个典型例子：人类和野生脊椎动物都通过具有半家养习性的野生蚊子参与病毒传播循环，主要是非洲疟蚊、黄头疟蚊，以及家蚊媒介埃及伊蚊。疫情通过迅速开展免疫接种运动得到了控制。文中还讨论了在塞内加尔已实施八年的扩大免疫规划中纳入黄热病疫苗所产生的影响。
