Britten R J
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 101 Dahlia Avenue, Corona del Mar, CA 92625, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9372-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9372.
These 10 obvious propositions make a model of the specification of form, intended to expose underlying assumptions of developmental biology for examination and future experimentation. (I) The control of development is by means of local interactions, rather than global control mechanisms. (II) A macromolecule near a specific site will bind by mass action. (III) Starting with a precursor cell, all cells are assembled automatically by specifically binding macromolecules. (IV) At the surface of cells are specific adhesion sites that determine how all cells bind to each other. (V) An organism will assemble automatically from parts (macromolecules, structures, and cells) specified by nuclear control factors. (VI) The nuclear control factors in each cell are from precursor cells and factors derived by signaling from other cells. (VII) The macromolecules that determine specific binding, cell adhesion, and signaling are controlled by nuclear control factors, and in a grand feedback the cell adhesion and signaling systems determine the nuclear factor patterns. (VIII) The embryonic precursor cells for organs, termed "precursor groups," are linked by adhesion and signaling relationships. (IX) The precursor groups include precursors for regions of an organ and boundary cells between regions having few cell types, growing without additional specific cell-to-cell relationships. (X) Organs are held together by cell adhesion in functional relationships. Thus the form and function of the organism is specified entirely by local control mechanisms. Without global control systems, information for form is in the genes for structural proteins, adhesion molecules, control factors, signaling molecules, and their control regions.
这10条显而易见的命题构成了一个形式规范模型，旨在揭示发育生物学的潜在假设，以供检验和未来实验之用。（I）发育的控制是通过局部相互作用，而非全局控制机制。（II）特定位点附近的大分子将通过质量作用结合。（III）从前体细胞开始，所有细胞通过特异性结合大分子自动组装。（IV）细胞表面存在特定的粘附位点，这些位点决定了所有细胞如何相互结合。（V）生物体将由核控制因子指定的部分（大分子、结构和细胞）自动组装而成。（VI）每个细胞中的核控制因子来自前体细胞以及其他细胞信号传导衍生的因子。（VII）决定特异性结合、细胞粘附和信号传导的大分子受核控制因子控制，并且在一个大的反馈中，细胞粘附和信号传导系统决定核因子模式。（VIII）器官的胚胎前体细胞，称为“前体组”，通过粘附和信号关系相连。（IX）前体组包括器官区域的前体以及细胞类型较少的区域之间的边界细胞，它们在没有额外特定细胞间关系的情况下生长。（X）器官通过细胞粘附以功能关系维系在一起。因此，生物体的形式和功能完全由局部控制机制决定。没有全局控制系统，形式信息存在于结构蛋白、粘附分子、控制因子、信号分子及其控制区域的基因中。
