Jackson C, Henriksen L, Dickinson D, Messer L, Robertson S B
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 1998 Aug;25(4):436-47. doi: 10.1177/109019819802500403.
Early initiation of cigarette smoking so strongly predicts future smoking that several investigators have advocated delaying the age of initiation as a prevention strategy. To complement retrospective studies of early initiation, this study assessed prospectively patterns of smoking behavior in a sample of 401 children who were surveyed in the fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. The principal findings were (1) modeling of smoking by parents and friends is sufficient to influence children to initiate smoking, particularly when children also have low behavioral self-control, and (2) when modeling occurs in combination with poor adjustment to school, low parental monitoring, easy access to cigarettes, and other risk attributes, early initiators are significantly more likely to continue smoking. The results suggest that delaying initiation of smoking without also modifying child attributes and socialization factors that predict early initiation and persistent smoking is unlikely to reduce the proportion of children who become habitual smokers.
过早开始吸烟能有力地预测未来的吸烟行为，因此几位研究人员主张将开始吸烟的年龄推迟作为一种预防策略。为补充对过早开始吸烟的回顾性研究，本研究前瞻性地评估了401名五、六、七年级学生样本中的吸烟行为模式。主要研究结果为：（1）父母和朋友的吸烟示范足以影响孩子开始吸烟，尤其是当孩子行为自我控制能力较低时；（2）当吸烟示范与对学校适应不良、父母监管不力、容易获得香烟及其他风险因素同时出现时，过早开始吸烟者继续吸烟的可能性显著更高。结果表明，在不改变那些预测过早开始吸烟和持续吸烟的儿童特质及社会化因素的情况下，推迟开始吸烟不太可能降低成为习惯性吸烟者的儿童比例。
