Jackson C, Henriksen L
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
Addict Behav. 1997 Jan-Feb;22(1):107-14. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(95)00108-5.
This study examined relationships between smoking and antismoking practices of parents and early onset of smoking among elementary-grade children. The parent practices we investigated were direct modeling of cigarette smoking and antismoking socialization variables, such as setting rules to eliminate cigarette smoking in the home, awareness of children's smoking behaviors, and making clear the disciplinary consequences of cigarette smoking. Surveying a sample of 1.213 third- and fifth-grade children, we found (1) children's risk of early onset of smoking increases with level of exposure to parent smoking models; (2) if one or both parents are current smokers, children who have never tried smoking have significantly greater risk of intending to smoke, perceiving easy access to cigarettes, and being ambivalent about smoking; (3) risk rates for children of former smokers indicate that parents' quitting smoking does not eradicate the effects of parent modeling; and (4) children whose parents engage in antismoking socialization have significantly lower rates of smoking onset, even if parents are current smokers. The implications of these results for preventive intervention and future research are discussed.
本研究探讨了父母的吸烟及反吸烟行为与小学阶段儿童吸烟早发之间的关系。我们所调查的父母行为包括吸烟的直接示范以及反吸烟社会化变量，例如制定家庭内禁烟规则、对孩子吸烟行为的认知，以及明确吸烟的惩戒后果。通过对1213名三年级和五年级学生进行抽样调查，我们发现：（1）儿童吸烟早发的风险随着接触父母吸烟示范程度的增加而上升；（2）如果父母一方或双方为当前吸烟者，从未尝试吸烟的儿童有意吸烟、认为获取香烟容易以及对吸烟态度矛盾的风险显著更高；（3）前吸烟者子女的风险率表明，父母戒烟并不能消除父母吸烟示范的影响；（4）父母进行反吸烟社会化的儿童吸烟起始率显著更低，即便父母为当前吸烟者。本文讨论了这些结果对预防干预及未来研究的启示。
