Swettenham J, Baron-Cohen S, Charman T, Cox A, Baird G, Drew A, Rees L, Wheelwright S
Goldsmiths College, University of London, New Cross, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;39(5):747-53.
Spontaneous shifts of attention were observed in autistic, typically developing, and nonautistic developmentally delayed infants. Three types of attention shifting behaviour were observed; (1) between an object and another object, (2) between an object and a person, and (3) between a person and another person. The two control groups shifted attention more frequently between an object and a person than between an object and another object or between a person and another person. The infants with autism showed a different pattern, shifting attention between an object and another object more than any other type of shift. Furthermore, infants with autism showed fewer shifts of attention between an object and a person, and between person and person, than did the two control groups. They also spent less time overall looking at people and looked more briefly at people and for longer durations at objects, compared to the two control groups. These results indicate an abnormality in social orientation in autism even at the early age of 20 months.
在自闭症婴儿、发育正常的婴儿以及非自闭症发育迟缓的婴儿中均观察到了注意力的自发转移。观察到三种注意力转移行为：（1）在一个物体与另一个物体之间；（2）在一个物体与人之间；（3）在人与人之间。两个对照组在物体与人之间转移注意力的频率高于在物体与另一个物体之间或人与人之间转移注意力的频率。自闭症婴儿表现出不同的模式，在物体与另一个物体之间转移注意力的频率高于其他任何类型的转移。此外，与两个对照组相比，自闭症婴儿在物体与人之间以及人与人之间的注意力转移较少。与两个对照组相比，他们总体上看人的时间也更少，看人的时间更短暂，而看物体的时间更长。这些结果表明，即使在20个月大的早期，自闭症患者在社交定向方面也存在异常。
