Barton M, Volkmar F
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1998 Aug;28(4):273-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1026052417561.
Recent research has yielded increasing support for neurobiologic theories of autism. A number of family and twin studies support the role of genetics and have led to wide acceptance of autism as an organically based disorder. Controversy persists, however, over the role of congenital medical conditions in the etiology of autism. Two rather divergent views have emerged. One, advocated by Gillberg and colleagues, proposes that up to 30% of cases of autism are associated with a known medical condition. On the other hand, research by Rutter and colleagues suggests the incidence may be closer to 10%. In this retrospective study records on 211 subjects with autism and other developmental disorders are reviewed to determine the prevalence of associated medical conditions and its variability related to the system used to diagnose autism. Results suggest the prevalence of medical conditions with suspected etiologic relationship with autism varies between 10 and 15%, depending on the diagnostic system employed. Further variability in prevalence rates results from a less strict definition of "medical condition" and yields rates between 25 and 37%. Disparate findings in previous research may stem from variability in both diagnostic system employed and which medical conditions are considered significant in the etiology of autism.
最近的研究对自闭症的神经生物学理论给予了越来越多的支持。一些家族和双胞胎研究支持了遗传学的作用，并使自闭症作为一种基于器质性的疾病得到了广泛认可。然而，关于先天性疾病在自闭症病因中的作用仍存在争议。出现了两种截然不同的观点。一种观点由吉尔伯格及其同事倡导，认为高达30%的自闭症病例与已知的疾病有关。另一方面，鲁特及其同事的研究表明这一比例可能接近10%。在这项回顾性研究中，对211名患有自闭症和其他发育障碍的受试者的记录进行了审查，以确定相关疾病的患病率及其与用于诊断自闭症的系统的变异性。结果表明，根据所采用的诊断系统，与自闭症存在疑似病因关系的疾病患病率在10%至15%之间。患病率的进一步变异性源于对“疾病”定义不够严格，导致患病率在25%至37%之间。先前研究中不同的结果可能源于所采用的诊断系统以及在自闭症病因中哪些疾病被认为是重要的这两方面的变异性。
