Brown J L
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1976 Sep;47(9):913-24.
Flight simulators have been in use for many years and their value has been amply proven. Many of today's simulators are very expensive, but they can pay for themselves by decreasing cost and increasing safety in training pilots to fly complex and expensive modern aircraft. Some aspects of aircraft control depend on an exterior view from the aircraft to the outside visual world. Training in these aspects of flight in a simulator requires simulation of the visual world to the extent that cues derived from it need to be employed by the pilot. A number of maneuvers cannot be performed without direct visual contact under normal circumstances in commercial as well as in military aviation. The importance of including a simulation of the external world is not acknowledged. Unfortunately, there is currently no solid scientific basis for cataloging visual cues with respect to their importance in aircraft control. This report recommends research topics, techniques, and strategies that should receive more attention.
飞行模拟器已经使用多年，其价值已得到充分证明。如今的许多模拟器非常昂贵，但它们可以通过降低成本和提高培训飞行员驾驶复杂且昂贵的现代飞机的安全性来收回成本。飞机控制的某些方面取决于从飞机到外部视觉世界的外部视图。在模拟器中进行这些飞行方面的训练需要对视觉世界进行模拟，以便飞行员能够利用从中获得的线索。在商业和军事航空中，在正常情况下，没有直接的视觉接触，一些机动动作就无法完成。包含外部世界模拟的重要性尚未得到认可。不幸的是，目前尚无坚实的科学依据来对视觉线索在飞机控制中的重要性进行分类。本报告推荐了应得到更多关注的研究主题、技术和策略。
