Okada H, Murakami S
Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998;9(3):248-66. doi: 10.1177/10454411980090030101.
Soluble proteins that serve as mediators of cell function and are produced by various cell types, such as structural and inflammatory cells, are collectively called cytokines. Several lines of evidence have revealed that cytokines play important roles not only in tissue homeostasis but also in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Recent research on biological activities in normal periodontium and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases has clarified the involvement of various cytokines in the biological activities observed in the sites. Cytokines play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a process which requires a delicate balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In particular, growth factors--such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)--are thought to play important roles in modulating the proliferation and/or migration of structural cells in the periodontium and the production of various extracellular matrices by these cells. On the other hand, there is little doubt that excessive and/or continuous production of cytokines in inflamed periodontal tissues is responsible for the progress of periodontitis and periodontal tissue destruction. Particularly, inflammatory cytokines--such as IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8--are present in the diseased periodontal tissues, and their unrestricted production seems to play a role in chronic leukocyte recruitment and tissue destruction. It is possible that monitoring cytokine production or its profile may allow us to diagnose an individual's periodontal disease status and/or susceptibility to the disease. In addition, although the hypothesis is still controversial, it has been suggested that discrete T-cell subsets (Th1 and Th2) with different cytokine profiles play specific roles in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
可溶性蛋白质作为细胞功能的介质，由各种细胞类型产生，如结构细胞和炎症细胞，统称为细胞因子。多项证据表明，细胞因子不仅在组织稳态中发挥重要作用，而且在许多传染病的发病机制中也发挥重要作用。最近关于正常牙周组织的生物学活性和牙周疾病发病机制的研究已经阐明了各种细胞因子在这些部位观察到的生物学活性中的作用。细胞因子在维持组织稳态中起着关键作用，这一过程需要合成代谢和分解代谢活动之间的微妙平衡。特别是，生长因子，如成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β），被认为在调节牙周组织中结构细胞的增殖和/或迁移以及这些细胞产生各种细胞外基质方面发挥重要作用。另一方面，毫无疑问，炎症牙周组织中细胞因子的过度和/或持续产生是牙周炎进展和牙周组织破坏的原因。特别是，炎症细胞因子，如IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8，存在于患病的牙周组织中，它们不受限制的产生似乎在慢性白细胞募集和组织破坏中起作用。监测细胞因子的产生或其谱可能使我们能够诊断个体的牙周疾病状态和/或对该疾病的易感性。此外，尽管这一假设仍存在争议，但有人提出，具有不同细胞因子谱的离散T细胞亚群（Th1和Th2）在牙周疾病的免疫发病机制中发挥特定作用。
