Cervical condylomas show higher proliferation than do inflamed or metaplastic cervical squamous epithelium.

Changes of condyloma are sometimes difficult to distinguish from changes seen with inflammation or with squamous metaplasia (SM) in the uterine cervix. Cervical condylomas show increased proliferative activity, so we sought to discover whether this increased activity is more than that seen in SM or with inflammation. Mitotic activity per 10 high power fields was measured in 22 cases with SM, 22 cases with exocervix only, 26 cases with inflammation, and 34 cases with condylomas. The percentage of basal cells staining for MIB-1 was compared between 27 cases with condyloma, 11 cases each with SM and inflammation, and 13 cases with exocervix. Mitotic activity was significantly increased in cervical condylomas (7.6 +/- 6.6, mean +/- standard deviation) compared with SM (1.4 +/- 1.4, P < .0001), inflamed epithelium (1.6 +/- 1.4, P < .0001), and exocervix (1.4 +/- 1.5, P < .0001). More than 15% of basal cells stained for MIB-1 in 18 of the 27 condylomas, 1 of 11 cases with SM, 1 of 11 cases with inflammation, and none of the 13 cases with exocervix (P = .003, .003, and .0006 respectively). Expression of MIB-1 in the surface half of the epithelium was seen in 18 (66%) of the 27 cases with condyloma but in none of the 24 controls (P < .00001). MIB-1 in the surface half of the epithelium and/or in more than 15% of the basal cells was seen in 24 (90%) of the 27 condyloma cases and 1 (4%) of the 24 control cases (P < .00001). A finding of 6 or more mitoses per 10 high power fields, expression of MIB-1 in the surface half of the epithelium, and more than 15% of basal cells staining for MIB-1 should support a diagnosis of condyloma over metaplastic or inflammatory changes.