Pyne D B, Gleeson M
Department of Physiology and Applied Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra ACT.
Int J Sports Med. 1998 Jul;19 Suppl 3:S183-91; discussion S191-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971991.
A large number of studies have failed to show whether exercise-induced perturbations in immune function are associated with the incidence of infection. "Sports immunology", examining the interaction of physical, psychological and environmental stress on immunity, is emerging as a sub-discipline of sports medicine. A series of studies by our research team has profiled the immune responses of elite swimmers during training. Serum immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels were lower in swimmers than controls. Suppression of mucosal immune parameters has been associated with the risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Swimmers with a lower pre-season salivary IgA and/or lower pre-exercise salivary IgA level were more likely to contract an URTI during a 7-month training period. In a shorter 12-week study, infected swimmers had a mean salivary IgM concentration that dropped more sharply after a single training session. Significant declines in natural killer cell count and neutrophil oxidative activity were not associated with URTI. Despite systemic and mucosal immunosuppression a cohort of swimmers were also able to mount an antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine equivalent to that of sedentary individuals. Observations of chronic suppression of aspects of host defence and the significant relationship between changes in mucosal immune parameters and URTI, provide a framework for assessment of the immune status of athletes. The underlying causes of upper respiratory tract distress symptoms may be infective, inflammatory or allergic in origin: a differential diagnosis has implications for treatment and management.
大量研究未能表明运动引起的免疫功能紊乱是否与感染发生率相关。“运动免疫学”研究身体、心理和环境压力对免疫力的相互作用，正逐渐成为运动医学的一个子学科。我们研究团队的一系列研究已描绘了精英游泳运动员在训练期间的免疫反应。游泳运动员的血清免疫球蛋白和IgG亚类水平低于对照组。黏膜免疫参数的抑制与上呼吸道感染风险相关。在为期7个月的训练期间，季前唾液IgA和/或运动前唾液IgA水平较低的游泳运动员更有可能患上上呼吸道感染。在一项为期12周的较短研究中，受感染的游泳运动员在单次训练后唾液IgM浓度平均下降得更明显。自然杀伤细胞计数和中性粒细胞氧化活性的显著下降与上呼吸道感染无关。尽管存在全身和黏膜免疫抑制，但一组游泳运动员对肺炎球菌疫苗的抗体反应仍与久坐不动的个体相当。对宿主防御方面的慢性抑制以及黏膜免疫参数变化与上呼吸道感染之间的显著关系的观察，为评估运动员的免疫状态提供了一个框架。上呼吸道不适症状的潜在原因可能源于感染、炎症或过敏：鉴别诊断对治疗和管理具有重要意义。
