美国华裔移民母亲的文化适应、心理调适与育儿方式
Acculturation, psychological adjustment, and parenting styles of Chinese immigrant mothers in the United States.
作者信息
Yu Jing, Cheah Charissa S L, Calvin Grace
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Kenney Krieger Institute, John Hopkins Hospital.
出版信息
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2016 Oct;22(4):504-516. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000091. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined whether acculturation to American culture, maintenance of Chinese culture, and their interaction predicted Chinese immigrant parents' psychological adjustment and parenting styles. We hypothesized that American orientation would be associated with more positive psychological well-being and fewer depressive symptoms in immigrant mothers, which in turn would be associated with more authoritative parenting and less authoritarian parenting. The examination of the roles of Chinese orientation and the interaction of the 2 cultural orientations in relation to psychological adjustment and parenting were exploratory.
METHOD
Participants were 164 first-generation Chinese immigrant mothers in the United States (Mage = 37.80). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of acculturation on psychological adjustment and parenting. Bootstrapping technique was used to explore the conditional indirect effects of acculturation on parenting as appropriate.
RESULTS
American orientation was strongly associated with positive psychological well-being, which was in turn related to more authoritative parenting and less authoritarian parenting. Moreover, American and Chinese orientations interacted to predict depressive symptoms, which were in turn associated with more authoritarian parenting. Specifically, American orientation was negatively associated with depressive symptoms only at mean or high levels of Chinese orientation.
CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest acculturation as a distal contextual factor and psychological adjustment as 1 critical mechanism that transmits effects of acculturation to parenting. Promoting immigrant parents' ability and comfort in the new culture independently or in conjunction with encouraging biculturalism through policy intervention efforts appear crucial for the positive adjustment of Chinese immigrant parents and children. (PsycINFO Database Record
目标
本研究考察了对美国文化的文化适应、中国文化的保持及其相互作用是否能预测中国移民父母的心理调适和养育方式。我们假设美国取向与移民母亲更积极的心理健康和更少的抑郁症状相关，而这反过来又与更具权威性的养育方式和更少的专制养育方式相关。对中国取向的作用以及两种文化取向的相互作用在心理调适和养育方面的考察是探索性的。
方法
研究对象为164名在美国的第一代中国移民母亲（平均年龄 = 37.80岁）。采用结构方程模型来考察文化适应对心理调适和养育方式的直接和间接影响。适当运用自抽样技术来探索文化适应对养育方式的条件间接影响。
结果
美国取向与积极的心理健康密切相关，而这又与更具权威性的养育方式和更少的专制养育方式相关。此外，美国取向和中国取向相互作用以预测抑郁症状，而抑郁症状又与更专制的养育方式相关。具体而言，仅在中国取向处于平均水平或高水平时，美国取向才与抑郁症状呈负相关。
结论
研究结果表明文化适应是一个远端背景因素，心理调适是将文化适应的影响传递到养育方式的一个关键机制。通过政策干预措施，独立地或与鼓励双文化主义相结合地提高移民父母在新文化中的能力和舒适度，对于中国移民父母及其子女的积极调适似乎至关重要。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
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