Maggi S, Minicuci N, Martini A, Langlois J, Siviero P, Pavan M, Enzi G
Center for Aging Study, National Research Council, Padova, Italy.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Sep;46(9):1069-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb06642.x.
To investigate the prevalence rate of hearing impairment, assessed by both the Sanders' questionnaire and the speech audiometry test, and its association with health-related factors in the older population of the Veneto region of Italy.
A cross-sectional survey.
A community-based population.
2398 noninstitutionalized individuals aged 65 years and older residing in the Veneto region of Italy.
Prevalence rates of hearing impairment and odds ratios for its association with potential risk factors.
The prevalence of self-reported hearing impairment at home was 8.1% in men and 7.4% in women, and in a social environment it was 11.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Women were less likely to report hearing difficulties in both environments, and increased risks were found for depression, age, and poor self-rated health. Participants with diabetes or cognitive impairment had increased odds only at home, in contrast to people with a low education level, who had increased odds only in a social environment. The prevalence assessed by speech audiometry was 19% in both sexes. Increased age, diabetes, and poor self-rated health were associated with impaired speech intelligibility, cognitive impairment was associated with 4-fold increased odds among past users of alcohol, and men with a low education level were about three times as likely as others to have hearing impairment.
Speech audiometry testing detected a higher prevalence of hearing impairment than use of a self-reported questionnaire and was associated with poor self-rated health, history of diabetes, and cognitive impairment among past users of alcohol and among men with low levels of education. The association between hearing deficit and depressive symptomatology was confirmed only with self-reported hearing impairment.
通过桑德斯问卷和言语测听测试评估意大利威尼托地区老年人群听力障碍的患病率及其与健康相关因素的关联。
横断面调查。
基于社区的人群。
居住在意大利威尼托地区的2398名65岁及以上的非机构化个体。
听力障碍的患病率及其与潜在危险因素关联的比值比。
在家中自我报告的听力障碍患病率男性为8.1%，女性为7.4%；在社交环境中，男性为11.1%，女性为9.3%。女性在两种环境中报告听力困难的可能性较小，且发现抑郁、年龄和自我健康评分差会增加患病风险。糖尿病或认知障碍参与者仅在家中患病几率增加，而教育水平低的人仅在社交环境中患病几率增加。通过言语测听评估的患病率在两性中均为19%。年龄增长、糖尿病和自我健康评分差与言语清晰度受损有关，认知障碍与既往饮酒者患病几率增加4倍有关，教育水平低的男性患听力障碍的可能性约为其他人的三倍。
言语测听测试检测到的听力障碍患病率高于自我报告问卷，且与自我健康评分差、糖尿病史、既往饮酒者和教育水平低的男性中的认知障碍有关。听力缺陷与抑郁症状之间的关联仅在自我报告的听力障碍中得到证实。
