Cockcroft A, Cosgrove J B, Wood R J
School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
Med Vet Entomol. 1998 Jul;12(3):289-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00121.x.
A collagen membrane technique, based on the membrane blood-feeding system of Cosgrove et al. (1994), was used to compare repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Repellency was defined in terms of inhibition of probing (ED50 and ED90) after 5 min exposure. A direct comparison was made with repellency from probing after 5 min on five male volunteers. Four repellent products were compared with technical DEET as the standard. The liquid formulations tested were: Autan (20% deet; Bayer); Repel Plus (20% deet plus 0.05% permethrin; Boots); permethrin (Zeneca) and citronellal (Sigma). Membrane and arm tests gave similar results. Deet formulations required less active compound than citronellal for the same degree of repellency. Pure deet and Autan gave similar results, dose for dose. Permethrin was highly repellent at very low doses, but Repel Plus did not enhance the immediate repellency of deet. A technique using the same membrane system was developed to evaluate persistence of Autan, which declined to 75% after 1 h against Ae. aegypti, and to about 50% after 2-4 h.
基于科斯格罗夫等人（1994年）的膜式血液喂养系统，采用胶原膜技术来比较不同驱避剂对埃及伊蚊的驱避效果。驱避性通过暴露5分钟后对蚊虫刺探行为的抑制作用（半数有效剂量ED50和90%有效剂量ED90）来定义。将其与在五名男性志愿者手臂上暴露5分钟后蚊虫刺探行为的驱避性进行直接比较。以工业品避蚊胺作为标准，对四种驱避剂产品进行比较。所测试的液体制剂有：Autan（20%避蚊胺；拜耳公司）；Repel Plus（20%避蚊胺加0.05%氯菊酯；博姿公司）；氯菊酯（捷利康公司）和香茅醛（西格玛公司）。膜测试和手臂测试结果相似。对于相同程度的驱避性，避蚊胺制剂所需的活性化合物比香茅醛少。纯避蚊胺和Autan在相同剂量下效果相似。氯菊酯在极低剂量下具有高度驱避性，但Repel Plus并未增强避蚊胺的即时驱避效果。开发了一种使用相同膜系统的技术来评估Autan的持效性，其对埃及伊蚊的持效性在1小时后降至75%，在2 - 4小时后降至约50%。
