Russell R M, Maidment S C, Brooke I, Topping M D
Health Directorate, Chemicals Policy Division, Health and Safety Executive, London, U.K.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1998 Aug;42(6):367-76. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4878(98)00056-8.
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (COSHH), provide the main British legislation to protect against health risks arising from hazardous substances used at work. Under the regulations, employers have a duty to carry out a suitable and sufficient risk assessment and take steps to ensure exposure is adequately controlled. The paper by Topping et al. (1998) concluded that small firms need more basic, readily available advice on how to effectively control hazardous substances. To meet this need the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS) have developed a new scheme for the UK. It involves a simple system of generic risk assessments to identify appropriate control strategies and a series of control guidance sheets providing good-practice examples of those strategies for common operations. The approach builds on earlier industry risk banding schemes and HSE's general approach to risk assessment and risk management. To help ensure the advice reaches small firms, HSE is seeking to involve key intermediaries in its dissemination. This paper describes the rationale for the new UK scheme, how it sits in the legal framework, and proposals for its dissemination. The papers by Brooke (1998) and Maidment (1998) set out in detail the technical basis for the scheme.
1994年《控制对健康有害物质条例》（COSHH）是英国主要的立法，旨在防范工作中使用的有害物质所带来的健康风险。根据该条例，雇主有责任进行适当且充分的风险评估，并采取措施确保接触得到充分控制。托普金等人（1998年）的论文得出结论，小公司在如何有效控制有害物质方面需要更基础、更易获取的建议。为满足这一需求，英国健康与安全执行局（HSE）和有毒物质咨询委员会（ACTS）为英国制定了一项新计划。该计划包括一个简单的通用风险评估系统，用于确定适当的控制策略，以及一系列控制指导手册，提供常见操作中这些策略的良好实践示例。该方法基于早期的行业风险分级计划以及HSE的风险评估和风险管理一般方法。为帮助确保小公司能获取这些建议，HSE正寻求关键中介机构参与其传播工作。本文描述了英国新计划的基本原理、它在法律框架中的地位以及传播建议。布鲁克（1998年）和梅德门特（1998年）的论文详细阐述了该计划的技术基础。
