Garrod A N I, Evans P G, Davy C W
Health and Safety Executive, Redgrave Court, Bootle, Merseyside, UK.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S48-54. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500585. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
"COSHH essentials" was developed in Great Britain to help duty holders comply with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations. It uses a similar approach to that described in the new European "REACH" Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals; EC No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament), insofar as it identifies measures for managing the risk for specified exposure scenarios. It can therefore assist REACH duty holders with the identification and communication of appropriate risk-management measures. The technical basis for COSHH essentials is explained in the original papers published in the Annals of Occupational Hygiene. Its details will, therefore, not be described here; rather, its ability to provide a suitable means for communicating risk-management measures will be explored. COSHH essentials is a simple tool based on an empirical approach to risk assessment and risk management. The output is a "Control Guidance Sheet" that lists the "dos" and "don'ts" for control in a specific task scenario. The guidance in COSHH essentials recognises that exposure in the workplace will depend not just on mechanical controls, but also on a number of other factors, including administrative and behavioural controls, such as systems of work, supervision and training. In 2002, COSHH essentials was made freely available via the internet (http://www.coshh-essentials.org.uk/). This electronic delivery enabled links to be made between product series that share tasks, such as drum filling, and with ancillary guidance, such as setting up health surveillance for work with a respiratory sensitiser. COSHH essentials has proved to be a popular tool for communicating good control practice. It has attracted over 1 million visits to its site since its launch. It offers a common benchmark of good practice for chemical users, manufacturers, suppliers and importers, as well as regulators and health professionals.
《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》（COSHH essentials）是在英国制定的，旨在帮助责任主体遵守《控制有害物质危害健康法规》（COSHH）。它采用了与新的欧洲《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》（REACH；欧洲议会第1907/2006号法规）中所述类似的方法，即识别针对特定接触场景的风险管理措施。因此，它可以协助REACH责任主体识别和传达适当的风险管理措施。《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》的技术基础在发表于《职业卫生学年鉴》的原始论文中有解释。因此，这里不再描述其细节；而是将探讨其提供传达风险管理措施合适手段的能力。《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》是一个基于经验性风险评估和风险管理方法的简单工具。其输出是一份“控制指导表”，列出了特定任务场景中控制的“做”与“不做”事项。《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》中的指导认识到，工作场所的接触不仅取决于机械控制，还取决于许多其他因素，包括行政和行为控制，如工作制度、监督和培训。2002年，《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》通过互联网（http://www.coshh-essentials.org.uk/）免费提供。这种电子交付方式使得在共享任务的产品系列（如桶装灌装）之间以及与辅助指导（如为使用呼吸致敏剂的工作建立健康监测）之间建立链接成为可能。事实证明，《控制有害物质危害健康法规要点》是一种传达良好控制实践的流行工具。自推出以来，其网站的访问量已超过100万次。它为化学品使用者、制造商、供应商、进口商以及监管机构和健康专业人员提供了良好实践的共同基准。
