Thakker J, Ward T
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Clin Psychol Rev. 1998 Aug;18(5):501-29. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00107-4.
Changes incorporated into the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) include a number of features designed to enhance its cross-cultural applicability. However, the overt move toward a culture-sensitive nosology is undermined by an implicit assumption of the universality of its primary syndromes. In this review we argue that the DSM-IV's underlying thesis of universality based on Western-delineated mental disorders is problematic and has limited cross-cultural applicability. Research on the cross-cultural manifestation of schizophrenia and depression shows that presentation of these disorders varies significantly across cultures. We conclude by discussing the research and clinical implications of these findings.
纳入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第四版；美国精神病学协会，1994年）最新版本的修订包括了许多旨在增强其跨文化适用性的特征。然而，向注重文化的疾病分类法的明显转变却因对其主要综合征普遍性的隐含假设而受到削弱。在本综述中，我们认为，基于西方界定的精神障碍的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版的普遍性基本论点存在问题，且跨文化适用性有限。对精神分裂症和抑郁症跨文化表现的研究表明，这些障碍的表现因文化而异。我们通过讨论这些发现的研究和临床意义来得出结论。
