Trapido A S, Mqoqi N P, Williams B G, White N W, Solomon A, Goode R H, Macheke C M, Davies A J, Panter C
Epidemiology Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Am J Ind Med. 1998 Oct;34(4):305-13. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199810)34:4<305::aid-ajim2>3.0.co;2-r.
Gold mineworkers in South Africa are exposed to high levels of silica dust as a result of which they are at risk of developing silicosis, which is a compensable disease. The incidence of tuberculosis is also high.
To determine the prevalence of occupational lung disease and the previous compensation history in former migrant mineworkers, a study was undertaken in a random sample of men living in Libode, a rural district of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Two hundred thirty-eight ex-mineworkers were examined according to a protocol that included chest radiography and spirometry. Chest radiographs were read into the International Labour Organisation (ILO) classification for pneumoconioses by two readers.
The mean age was 52.8 years, and the mean length of service was 12.15 years. The prevalence of pneumoconiosis (> or = ILO 1/0) was 22% and 36% (variation by reader). For both readers, a significant association between length of service and pneumoconiosis and between pneumoconiosis and reduction in FVC and FEV was found. Twenty-four percent of study subjects were eligible for compensation.
There is a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed, uncompensated pneumoconiosis in the study group. As a result of the failure to diagnose and compensate occupational lung disease, the social and economic burden of such disease is being borne by individuals, households, and the migrant labor-sending communities as a whole.
南非金矿工人暴露于高浓度二氧化硅粉尘中，因此有患矽肺病的风险，矽肺病是一种可获赔偿的疾病。结核病发病率也很高。
为确定前流动矿工中职业性肺病的患病率及既往赔偿史，在南非东开普省一个农村地区利博德居住的男性随机样本中开展了一项研究。按照包括胸部X光摄影和肺活量测定的方案对238名前矿工进行了检查。两名阅片者将胸部X光片按照国际劳工组织（ILO）尘肺病分类标准进行判读。
平均年龄为52.8岁，平均服务年限为12.15年。矽肺病（≥ILO 1/0）患病率为22%和36%（阅片者之间存在差异）。两位阅片者均发现服务年限与矽肺病之间、矽肺病与用力肺活量（FVC）及第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）降低之间存在显著关联。24%的研究对象符合赔偿条件。
研究组中既往未诊断、未获赔偿的矽肺病患病率很高。由于职业性肺病未能得到诊断和赔偿，此类疾病的社会和经济负担由个人、家庭以及整个流动劳动力输出社区承担。
