Rolfe G
School of Health Studies, University of Portsmouth, St James Hospital, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1998 Sep;28(3):672-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00806.x.
The aim of nursing research is generally agreed to be the generation of knowledge, and whilst this is a relevant aim in theory-based disciplines such as sociology, the primary concern of nursing is with practice. Using examples drawn mainly from the field of mental health, it will be argued in this paper that the application of generalizable, research-based knowledge to individual, unique, person-centred practice, the so-called 'research-based practice' advocated by the Department of Health, is one of the main causes of the theory-practice gap. It will be further suggested that nursing requires a paradigm of clinical research which focuses on the individual therapeutic encounter in order to complement the existing sociological paradigm of theoretical research which is best suited to the generation of generalizable knowledge and theory. The paper will conclude by suggesting that such a clinically based research paradigm must not only focus on the individual nurse-patient relationship, but that it must be carried out by the nurse herself. Clinical research, if it is to make a difference to practice, must therefore be practitioner-based research.
护理研究的目标通常被认为是知识的产生，虽然这在社会学等基于理论的学科中是一个相关目标，但护理的主要关注点是实践。本文将主要以心理健康领域的例子进行论证，即把可推广的、基于研究的知识应用于个体的、独特的、以患者为中心的实践，也就是卫生部所倡导的所谓“循证实践”，是理论与实践差距的主要原因之一。本文还将进一步提出，护理需要一种临床研究范式，该范式侧重于个体治疗过程，以补充现有的社会学理论研究范式，后者最适合产生可推广的知识和理论。本文将得出结论，这样一种基于临床的研究范式不仅必须关注个体的护患关系，而且必须由护士自己来进行。因此，如果临床研究要对实践产生影响，就必须是基于从业者的研究。
