Iozzo R V
Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-6799, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:609-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609.
The proteoglycan superfamily now contains more than 30 full-time molecules that fulfill a variety of biological functions. Proteoglycans act as tissue organizers, influence cell growth and the maturation of specialized tissues, play a role as biological filters and modulate growth-factor activities, regulate collagen fibrillogenesis and skin tensile strength, affect tumor cell growth and invasion, and influence corneal transparency and neurite outgrowth. Additional roles, derived from studies of mutant animals, indicate that certain proteoglycans are essential to life whereas others might be redundant. The review focuses on the most recent genetic and molecular biological studies of the matrix proteoglycans, broadly defined as proteoglycans secreted into the pericellular matrix. Special emphasis is placed on the molecular organization of the protein core, the utilization of protein modules, the gene structure and transcriptional control, and the functional roles of the various proteoglycans. When possible, proteoglycans have been grouped into distinct gene families and subfamilies offering a simplified nomenclature based on their protein core design. The structure-function relationship of some paradigmatic proteoglycans is discussed in depth and novel aspects of their biology are examined.
蛋白聚糖超家族目前包含30多种专职分子，它们履行多种生物学功能。蛋白聚糖作为组织组织者，影响细胞生长和特殊组织的成熟，作为生物过滤器发挥作用并调节生长因子活性，调节胶原纤维形成和皮肤抗张强度，影响肿瘤细胞生长和侵袭，并影响角膜透明度和神经突生长。来自对突变动物研究的其他作用表明，某些蛋白聚糖对生命至关重要，而其他一些可能是多余的。本综述聚焦于基质蛋白聚糖的最新遗传和分子生物学研究，基质蛋白聚糖广义上定义为分泌到细胞周基质中的蛋白聚糖。特别强调蛋白质核心的分子组织、蛋白质模块的利用、基因结构和转录调控以及各种蛋白聚糖的功能作用。在可能的情况下，已将蛋白聚糖分为不同的基因家族和亚家族，根据其蛋白质核心设计提供了简化的命名法。深入讨论了一些典型蛋白聚糖的结构-功能关系，并研究了其生物学的新方面。
